Touva

Touva (; Touvain: ТываРеспублика) is a autonomous République of the Federation of Russia.

History

It is in 1921 that Touva became an independent State (of 1921 to 1926 under the name of Popular republic of Tanou Touva). This independence was quite relative. Officially it was under the protection of the Russia, but in the facts, all the important decisions were to have the downstream of sound " protecteur".

In 1944, Touva integrates the Soviet Union like autonomous region. And in 1961 it becomes an autonomous Republic.

It will be necessary to await the end of the Cold war so that Touva reaches more independence and thus in 1990, the country declares its sovereignty, while belonging to the Federation of Russia.

Geography

It is located at the extreme-south of the Siberia and has as frontier countries the République of Altaï in the west, the Republic of Khakassie, the Krai de Krasnoïarsk and the Oblast d' Irkoutsk in north, the République of Bouriatie in the east and the Mongolia in the south.

It is the federal prone 24e of Russia in term of surface, with 170.500 km ².

The town of Kyzyl is its capital.

Subdivisions

Economy

Cannabis

Following the closing of many industrial centers in the Years 1990, the culture of the Cannabis arrived in Touva and became very important there. However it is officially prohibited. The estimates concerning the surface of the fields of cannabis are very vague and go from 26.000 to 84.000 Hectare S. In 2005, twice-weekly the Muscovite Novaïa Gazeta , regards it as Russian Colombia, where even the children earn their living thanks to the cannabis and where the police force defends the producers… . Always according to Novaïa Gazeta , the cannabis became in certain areas a currency of exchange, making it possible to obtain food products, car S, motor bikes, horses or alcohol… .

Demography

In 2002, Touva had 305.510 inhabitants. There were 235.313 Touvains, 61.442 Russians, 1.404 Komis, 1.219 Khakasses…

Culture

This republic belongs to an area of the world famous for its diphonic traditional songs called " Khoomei" or “songs of throat”.

Religion

Three principal religions are widespread in the area of Touva: the Buddhism Tibetan, orthodoxe Christianity and the Shamanism.

There is nearly a million Buddhists in Russia, mainly in Bouriatie, Kalmoukie and in the area of Touva.

The 14th Dalaï Lama, Tenzin Gyatso, visited the Kalmoukie into 1991,1992 and 2004, in particular to bless the monastery of Elista built in the interval of its visits. He visited the Bouriatie and the area of Touva in 1992. Yeshe Lodoi Rinpoché, large a LAMA Tibetan which had as a spiritual Master a Buriat LAMA, came from India to give lesson in Bouriatie since 1993.

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