Tournament of the candidates

With the Set of failures, the tournament of the candidates is the final stage of the selection of the challenger for the championship of the world.

Created by FIDE in 1950, the tournament of the candidates occurs after the zonal Tournoi and the interzonal Tournoi and is used as qualification for the championship of the world: the winner of the tournament of the candidates is designated to meet the champion titrates some in individual match. The complete cycle of the championship of the world proceeds over three years.

Until 1962, the tournament was held in round Robin , each player meeting all the other candidates. But the American large-Master Bobby Fischer denounced this system, because the players Soviet S played of the nullities of living room between them to be with best of their form against not-Soviet. Since 1965, the tournament is thus with direct elimination. Only one exception, the Tournament of the Candidates of Montpellier in 1985.

Since 1993, a schism took place between FIDE and the Professional Chess Association as for the mode of nomination of the world champion: what has leads to a situation absurdity where one finds oneself with two world champions: a Champion FIDE, and in parallel, a world champion known as “traditional” designated by PCA.

Between 1995 and 2005, the tournament of the candidates of the FIDE was removed, the world champion being indicated by a tournament with direct elimination of 128 players. In 2002, the Braingames company which sponsored the championship known as “traditional” designated the challenger of Vladimir Kramnik, by choosing the winner of the tournament of Dortmund 2002. Peter Lékó, which had gained this tournament, met Kramnik in 2005 for the title and “lost” 7-7 (in the event of equality, the champion keeps its title)

In 2006, the FIDE joins again with the tradition by recreating a tournament of the candidates which will indicate four of the participants in the next championship of the world, to which will be added the four first of the Championnat of World FIDE 2005.

Tournament of the candidates 1950-1962

Tournament of the candidates 1965 - 1995

1965

Quarterfinals

Efim To freeze - Vasily Smyslov 5,5-2,5
Boris Spassky - Paul Keres 6 - 4
Mikhail Tal - Lajos Portisch 5,5-2,5
Bent Larsen - Boris Ivkov 5,5-2,5

Semi-final

Boris Spassky - Efim To freeze 5,5-2,5
Mikhail Tal - Bent Larsen 5,5-4,5

Finale

Boris Spassky - Mikhail Tal 7 - 4

1968

Quarterfinals

Bent Larsen - Lajos Portisch 5,5-2,5
Boris Spassky - Efim To freeze 5,5-2,5
Viktor Kortchnoï - Samuel Reshevsky 5,5-2,5
Mikhail Tal - Svetozar Gligoric 5,5-2,5

Semi-finals

Boris Spassky - Bent Larsen 5,5-2,5
Viktor Kortchnoï - Mikhail Tal 5,5-4,5

Finale

Boris Spassky - Viktor Kortchnoï 6,5-3,5

1971

1974

Quarterfinals

Boris Spassky - Robert Byrne 4,5-1,5
Anatoli Karpov - Lev Polougaevsky 5,5-2,5
Viktor Kortchnoï - Henrique da Costa Mecking 7,5-5,5
Tigran Petrossian - Lajos Portisch 7 - 6

Semi-finals

Viktor Kortchnoï - Tigran Petrossian 3,5-1,5
Anatoli Karpov - Boris Spassky 7 - 4

Finale

It takes place in Moscow in September - October, the winner is the first to obtain 5 victories, with a maximum of 24 parts. The match goes until its term, Karpov obtaining 3 victories against 2 in Kortchnoï and 19 null.

Anatoli Karpov - Viktor Kortchnoï 12,5-11,5

Fischer being deposed of its title, Karpov is designated as the world champion by the FIDE.

1977

Quarterfinals

Boris Spassky - Vlastimil Hort 8,5-7,5
Henrique da Costa Mecking - Lev Polougaevsky 5,5-6,5
Viktor Kortchnoï - Tigran Petrossian 6,5-5,5
Bent Larsen - Lajos Portisch 3,5-6,5

Semi-finals

Viktor Kortchnoï - Lev Polougaevsky 8,5-4,5
Boris Spassky - Lajos Portisch 8,5-6,5

Finale

Viktor Kortchnoï - Boris Spassky 10,5-7,5

1980

Quarterfinals

Robert Hübner - Andras Adorjan 6,5-5,5
Lajos Portisch - Boris Spassky 7-7 (Portisch decides between)
Viktor Kortchnoï - Tigran Petrossian 5,5-2,5
Lev Polougaevsky - Mikhail Tal 5,5-3,5

Semi-finals

Viktor Kortchnoï - Lev Polougaevsky 7,5-6,5
Robert Hübner - Lajos Portisch 6,5-4,5

Finale

Viktor Kortchnoï - Robert Hübner 6,5-3,5

1983

Quarterfinals

Robert Hübner - Vasily Smyslov 7-7 (decides between for Smyslov)
Alexander Beljawski - Garry Kasparov 3-5
Viktor Kortchnoï - Lajos Portisch 6-3
Zoltan Ribli - Eugenio Torre 6-4

Semi-finals

Viktor Kortchnoï - Garry Kasparov 4-7
Vasily Smyslov - Zoltan Ribli 6,5-4,5

Finale

Garry Kasparov - Vasily Smyslov 8,5-4,5

1985-1987

Tournament of the candidates for Montpellier 1985

FIDE entrusted the organization of a tournament to 16 players with the Cercle Alekhine of Montpellier become since the Diagonal of the South , to designate a candidate who will meet the loser of the championship of the world 1985.

With Montpellier, three players Artur Ioussoupov, Rafael Wahanjan and Andrei Sokolov finished with 9/15. Jan Timman and Mikhail Tal, both with 8,5/15 had to be decided between. It is Timman which was qualified.

Semi-finals 1986

Rafael Wahanjan - Andrei Sokolov 2-6
Artur Ioussoupov - Jan Timman 6-3

Finale 1986

Andrei Sokolov - Artur Ioussoupov 7,5-6,5

Superfinale 1987

Anatoli Karpov - Andrei Sokolov 7,5-3,5

1988-1990

The FIDE organizes 7 eighth of finale, and the ex world champion Anatoli Karpov is qualified directly for the quarters.

Eighth of finale 1988

Kevin Spraggett - Andrei Sokolov 6,5-5,5 (after fast parts, 3-3 after the tournament at normal rate)
Johan Hjartarson - Viktor Kortchnoï 4,5-3,5 (after fast parts, 3-3 after the tournament at normal rate)
Rafael Wahanjan - Lajos Portisch 2,5-3,5
Jan Timman - Waleri Salow 3,5-2,5
Artur Jussupow - Jaan Ehlvest 3,5-1,5
Nigel Shorts - Gyula Sax 3,5-1,5
Jonathan Speelman - Yasser Seirawan 4-1

Quarterfinals 1988/89

Nigel Shorts - Jonathan Speelman 1,5-3,5
Anatoli Karpov - Johan Hjartarson 3,5-1,5
Jan Timman - Lajos Portisch 3,5-2,5
Artur Jussupow - Kevin Spraggett 5-4

Semi-finals 1989

Anatoli Karpov - Artur Jussupow 4,5-3,5
Jonathan Speelman - Jan Timman 3,5-4,5

Finale 1990

Anatoli Karpov - Jan Timman 6,5-2,5

1991-1993

The FIDE gives to Anatoli Karpov the privilege to enter in Quarterfinals.

Eighth of finale 1991

Nigel Shorts - Jonathan Speelman 5,5-4,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament)
Boris Gelfand - Predrag Nikolic 5,5-4,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament))
Viswanathan Anand - Alexei Dreev 4,5-1,5
Jan Timman - Robert Hübner 4,5-2,5
Viktor Kortchnoï - Gyula Sax 5,5-4,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament)
Artur Jussupov - Sergei Dolmatow 6,5-5,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament))
Vasily Ivanchuk - Leonid Yudasin 4,5-0,5

Quarterfinals 1991

Nigel Shorts - Boris Gelfand 5-3
Anatoli Karpov - Viswanathan Anand 4,5-3,5
Jan Timman - Viktor Kortchnoï 4,5-2,5
Artur Yusupov - Vasily Ivanchuk 5,5-4,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament))

Semi-finals 1992

Anatoli Karpov - Nigel Shorts 4-6
Jan Timman - Artur Jussupow 6-4

Finale 1993

Nigel Shorts - Jan Timman 7,5-5,5

1994-1995

The FIDE modifies the rules. After the exit of the FIDE of Kasparov, Karpov is “official” world champion FIDE. The outgoing champion enters in semi-final of the tournament of the candidates.

Eighth of finale 1994

Michael Adams - Boris Gelfand 3-5
Valeri Salov - Alexander Khalifman 5-1
Jan Timman - Joel Lautier 4,5-3,5
Artur Jusupov - Viswanathan Anand 2,5-4,5
Paul van der Sterren - Spoiled Kamsky 2,5-4,5
Leonid Yudasin - Vladimir Kramnik 2,5-4,5

Quarterfinals 1994

Vladimir Kramnik - Boris Gelfand 3,5-4,5
Valeri Salov - Jan Timman 4,5-3,5
Viswanathan Anand - Spoiled Kamsky 4-6 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament)

Semi-finals 1995

Anatoli Karpov - Boris Gelfand 6-3
Valeri Salov - Spoiled Kamsky 1,5-5,5

Finale 1996 (and also Championship of world FIDE)

Anatoli Karpov - Spoiled Kamsky 10,5-7,5

Tournament of candidates PCA 1994/95

The concurrent organization with the FIDE, the Professional Chess Players Association (PCA), led by Garry Kasparov, organize in parallel its own tournament of the candidates in 1994. In 1993 a great tournament is organized where the 7 first will be qualified for the tournament of the candidates, plus the vice-champion of the world PCA, Nigel Short.

Quarterfinals 1994

Michael Adams - Sergei Tiviakov 7,5-6,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament)
Nigel Shorts - Boris Goulko 6,5-5,5 (after fast parts, 4-4 after the tournament)
Spoiled Kamsky - Vladimir Kramnik 4,5-1,5
Oleg Romanichine - Viswanathan Anand 2-5

Semi-finals 1994

Spoiled Kamsky - Nigel Short 5,5-1,5
Michael Adams - Viswanathan Anand 1,5-5,5

Finale 1995

Viswanathan Anand - Spoiled Kamsky 6,5-4,5

Tournament of the candidates Braingames 2002

In 2002 the sponsor Braingames organizes the challenger nomination of the traditional world champion Vladimir Kramnik. The tournament takes place with Dortmund, in two groups of four, the two first étants qualified for the semi-finals.

Semi-finals

Peter Leko - Alexeï Chirov 2,5-0,5
Evgeny Bareev - Veselin Topalov 2,5-3,5 (after fast parts, 2-2 after the tournament)

Finale

Peter Leko - Veselin Topalov 2,5-1,5

Tournament of the candidates 2006-2007

The FIDE organizes a tournament of the candidates for the qualification with the next championship of the world in June 2007. The four first of the last championship of world FIDE will join these candidates at the time of the next championship of the world. the matches proceed in 6 parts. In the event of tie, the players dispute 4 fast parts of decides between.

1st Turn

Levon Aronian - Magnus Carlsen: 3-3 (2 victories of Aronian, 2 null and 2 victories of Carlsen), 4-2 with decide between (3 victories of Aronian, 2 null, 1 victory of Carlsen)
Peter Leko - Mikhail Gurevich: 3.5-0.5 (3 victories of Leko, 1 null (match stopped at the conclusion of the 4th part because of the insurmountable variation at the time from the 2 dernères programmed))
Ruslan Ponomariov - Sergei Rublevsky: 2.5-3.5 (5 null, 1 victory of Rublevsky)
Boris Gelfand - Rustam Kasimdzhanov: 3-3 (6 null), 2.5-0.5 with decide between (2 victories of Gelfand, 1 null)
Etienne Bacrot - Gata Kamsky: 0.5-3.5 (1 null, 3 victories of Kamsky (match stopped at the conclusion of the 4th part because of the insurmountable variation at the time from the 2 dernères programmed))
Alexander Grischuk - Vladimir Malakhov: 3.5-1.5 (2 victories of Grischuk, 3 null (match stopped at the conclusion of the 5epartie because of the insurmountable variation at the time from the 2 dernères programmed))
Judit Polgar - Evgeny Bareev: 2.5-3.5 (1 victory of Polgar, 3 null, 2 victories of Bareev)
Alexeï Chirov - Michael Adams: 3-3 (1 victory of Shirov, 4 null, 1 victory of Adams), 2.5-0.5 with decide between (2 victories of Shirov, 1 null)

2nd turn

Levon Aronian - Alexeï Chirov: 3.5 - 2.5
Peter Leko - Evgeny Bareev: 3.5 -1.5
Alexander Grischuk - Sergei Rublevsky 5.5.3.5 (decides between in fast parts, 3-3 after the match)
Gata Kamsky - Boris Gelfand 1.5 - 3.5

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