Tourfan (吐魯番; Pinyin: Tǔlǔfān; ouïgour: تۇرپان/Turpan) is a city oasis located in the autonomous region ouighoure of the Xinjiang, in China.

Tourfan is from centuries the center of a fertile oasis (production of Raisin S, inter alia) and an important commercial city of the Silk route.

Geography

It is located at approximately 150 km in the south-east of Ürümqi, in the north of a depression which bears its name. The depression of Turpan, long, 240 km is famous to be " the room of the winds of Chine" (of wind forces 8 to 12 blow more than hundred days per annum and destroy the trees, harvests and scrape the grounds like plowshares). This depression is located near the Désert of Taklamakan.

Climate

The climate is of continental type dry. The average temperatures go from approximately -11°C for the coldest month to +27°C for the hottest month, and the Pluviométrie is there of 35  Misters.

Population

At the time of the census of 2000, the ethnos groups most represented were the Ouïghours (70%), the Hans (22%) and the Huis (7%).

The total population of the county was estimated at: 241776 inhabitants in 1999, and with approximately: 400000 inhabitants, for an urban population of: 200000 inhabitants, in 2003.

Culture

It is near Tourfan, on the site of Qoco (or Qotcho, in Chinese Gaochang), old capital of a kingdom ouïghour, which a splendid illumination with the musicians Manicheans was discovered, today with the Museum of Indian art ( Museum für indische Kunst ) of Berlin.

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