Touran

Touran توران|Tourān is the old Iranian word to designate the nomads of north. It is also the name of a legendary kingdom opposed to the Iran in the Shâh Nâmâ of Ferdowsi.

From a ethnico-linguistics point of view this term indicates the whole of the people turcic, including the Ouïghours Xinjiang (western of China), the Gagaouzes of Moldavie, but also the Uzbek , the Azeri Turkmènes, , the Avars and Meshkètes of the the Caucasus, the Turks of Turkey and Balkans, etc These people in common have their languages which belong to the family of the altaïques Langues. The term Touran is often used by the panturquists several Turkish-speaking countries to indicate the ideal of a great empire touranien bringing together all the people turcic. It can have an also political connotation, for example in Turkey the turancı (is read tourandji) are a current particular nationalist, being different from the other currents ultranationalists, islamo-nationalists or conservatives. It should be noted that Touran is used as first name especially at the Turks and the Azeris. And as referred to above this term is also used among Iranians to speak about the nomads about north, enemies of Persia.

Avesta

In the anthems of the Avesta, the adjective Tūrya is related to several enemies of the Zoroastrisme like Fraŋrasyan (in Shahnameh: Afrāsīāb). The word appears only once in the Gatha S, but 20 times in the later parts of Avesta. Apparently, there would be no difference between Tūrya and Ārya in Avesta, both having Iranian names and généalogiquement being généalogiquement connected.

The linguists derive the word from the Indo-Iranian root * tūra- " extremely, rapide". It should be noted that certain linguists say that the word Turk (Turkish Türk) is him even a derivative of the word Turya, and thus try to decipher the mystery concerning the origin of the Turkish word.

Shahnameh

In the epic fable of the Shahnameh, the term Toūrān (" Ground of Tūrya" in the same way that Ērān, Īrān = " Ground of the Ārya ") to the inhabitants of Central Asia in general refers, at the time where these areas were inhabited mainly by wandering tribes like the Scythes.

According to the myth of the foundation given in Shahnameh, king Firēdūn (= Avestique Θraētaona) had three wire, Salm, Tūr and Ēraj, between which it divided the world: the minor Asia was given to Salm, the Central Asia with Tūr and the Iran in Ēraj. The groins killed young person, Eraj, but he was avenged by his Manouchehr grandson, and Iranian became the Masters of the world. However, the war between Iran continued during generations.

Turandot

This heroin, of which the name which means " girl ( dokht ) of Touran (taken here in the direction of China) " , appears in a medieval legend Persian translated in his " Thousand and a jours" by François Pétis of the Cross, a work republished recently at Phébus. Carlo Gozzi draws a " from it; Fable théâtrale" who will know several musical adaptations , whose opera celebrates it Giacomo Puccini.

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