Toulon

History

Occupied well before the Colonization Roman E by the Ligure S, Telo Martius (of Telo , the goddess of the sources - or Latin tol , low of hill - and Martius , in the honor of the god of the war, Mars ( Ares among Greeks)), became one of two imperial dyeings of crimson, natural dye of red color, thanks to the exploitation of the murex and the cochineal S of kermes oak then frequent on its territory.

Not slackening of the merchant ships Telo , then Tholon , Tolon, etc, attempts to protect this exceptional site frequently plundered by pirates and Sarrasins. After the fastening of the Provence in France, Toulon becomes a place of naval construction (under Charles VIII) and its roads are used to shelter military fleets. Toulon is the starting place and of arrival of the majority of great military forwardings towards Africa during the Ancien Mode and of the 19th century.

Some dates:

1524 : completion of the “Gross Tower” or royal Tower, the city falls to the hands from imperial carried out by the Connétable from Bourbon;
1543 : to keep at his disposal the Othoman fleet of Barberousse, the king François 1st authorizes it to winter with Toulon, emptied his inhabitants. New scandal for Christian Europe.

In November 1564, Charles IX passes in the city at the time of royal sound Tour de France (1564 - 1566), accompanied by the Cour. L is accommodated by the Elbeuf marquis.
1707 : Toulon resists during the invasion of Provence by the imperial ones carried out by the Duc of Savoy and the Prince Eugene at the time of the War of succession of Spain;
1720 : devastations of the plague, 13000 people die, that is to say approximately half of the population (the city is contaminated by the Peste of Marseilles);
1790 : Toulon is the chief town of the department of the Var;
1793 : delivered to the British , the city is regarded as traitress with the Révolution. Napoleon Bonaparte was distinguished at the time of this seat.

Heraldic

The weapons of Toulon are blasonnent as follows:

Demography

Geography

The town of Toulon is located on the Littoral the Mediterranean N, halfway between Marseilles, with the west, and Saint-Tropez, in the east. Sometimes one regards it as the first city in the west of the Riviera.

Municipalities bordering

The Faron mount

The Mount Faron, in the north of the city, dominates Toulon, its roads and the cities surrounding. Summit, to 584 meters of altitude, offers an extraordinary panorama. One reaches it by a road in one way (gone up by the west coast, descent by the east) or by a Téléphérique.

Roads

The Rade of Toulon is famous most beautiful of Europe and the second in the world after that of Rio de Janeiro. It is the peninsula of Giens and the peninsula of Saint-Mandrier-on-Sea which close the roads with the full sea. In the roads, one thus finds the wearing of Saint-Mandrier-on-Sea, the port of the Seyne-sur-Mer, the arsenal (the military port) and the wearing of Toulon.

The military part

Principal districts

South-west

• Beaucaire, an at the same time rural and town district (a city of important size includes/understands) in extreme cases of the commune of Ollioules.

• the districts of the Pont-Neuf, Bridge-of-wood, of River-New and of Good-Meets, residential districts and commercial.

• the Bridge of the Mow, a true city in the city which has many infrastructures (each ground floor of building shelters at least a trade), many places, of which the place Martin Bidouré, second market of Toulon after that of the Lafayette course. This place also holds place of square for the parish Saint-Joseph, church of the XVe-18th centuries, equipped with large organ, as well as many vaults decorated with statues, and whose southern frontage is partly covered with gildings putting in scene the Christ-King, by making a very animated district.

The North-West

• Rather residential districts, like the district of the Roads, like several cities (Jonquet, Guynemer) while going up towards the baou of the Four Oures (“the rock of the Four-Winds”, into of Provence).

North

• On the northern slope (Ubac) of the Faron mount remain of the hamlets: those of the Mills, Pomets and Ubac.

• Side splits, one can consider a multitude of districts: Barbs, Claret, Siblas (accommodating the military hospital of Holy-Anne), the Strings (name due to the imposing remainders of still intact ramparts of the time Vauban and Napoleon; this district is the seat of the prefecture of the VAr and the general advice).

Is

• Saint-Jean-of-VAr, a symmetrical district of the Bridge of the Mow, east coast, which rather has the pace of a city-street.

• Brunet, located in the prolongation of Saint-Jean-of-VAr, which accommodates the civil hospital of Make-Pre.

• Mourillon

• Holy-drove, an industrial and residential district

• districts of the Brown Cape, Serinette and Ameniers.

Center southern

• The old city, historical center of Toulon, sheltered a long time the underworld local, the doubtful bars, and attracted themselves a ashamed reputation lasting of the years. The efforts of D-urbanization of the successive mayors lead from now on to a visible but partial rehabilitation. One finds there celebrates it walked of Provence of the Lafayette course and his local specialities like the cade (socca) and the Chichi Frégi. This market inspired a song of Gilbert Bécaud ( markets of Provence ).

• The high-city, it is the " part; Haussmannienne" center. The Baron Haussmann which completely modernized the town of Paris at the XIXe century (the famous frontages haussmaniennes which surveys all the capital) was prefect of the Var, and it is at the time of the enlarging of Toulon ordered by Napoleon III that it carried out his first " prototypes of Architecture " in the high-city which was not whereas fields. It also built there the place of Freedom, the Large Hotel, the garden Alexandre-Ier, the Chalucet hospital, the law courts, the station as well as the old building of the Ladies of France and the old savings bank. He asked of the assistance to his friend Garnier to build an opera. It was also the first opera of France built by Garnier, it made use of it, like Haussmann, of “tests” for the future opera which it was going to build in Paris, the Opéra Garnier. Toulon, and more particularly the high-city, was the experimental plot of the most beautiful architecture of the world, which was retransmise thus with Paris, Bordeaux, Marseilles, Lyon, Montpellier, etc more the big cities of France.

Economy

Toulon is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of the VAr. This one manages the Aéroport of Toulon - Hyères, the commercial port of Toulon, the marina of Toulon and ports of Giens - Porquerolles.

Naval constructions
Ports commercial and pleasure
Military port (Arsenal of the national marine)
administrative Center
major tourist Pole

Administration

List mayors:

Toulon is divided into new cantons:

Climate

The Toulon-native climate is of Mediterranean type, characterized by a very strong sunning, one season dries definitely marked in be, of rare but sometimes violent precipitations, the hot in summer and soft temperatures in Hiver. From its proximity with the sea, the temperatures remain relatively lenient in all seasons.

Thus the average temperature of January (the coldest month) is 9,3°C (hottest of Metropolitan France) with average maximum temperatures of 12,7°C and average minimal temperatures of 5,8°C. The average temperature of July (the hottest month) is of 23,9°C with average maximum temperatures of 29,1°C and average minimal temperatures of 18,8°C.

Toulon is the sunniest city of France with 2899 H on average per annum.

Precipitations are of 665 mm per annum. The driest month is July with 6,6 mm, most rainy October with 93,9 Misters It is rains less than 60 days per annum (59,7 on average) and the distributions of precipitations are very unequal. Thus February is the month when it generally rains with 7,1 days of precipitations but for only 88,3 mm whereas October has only 5,9 days of rain. The month when it rains the least most often is July with 1,3 days. The driest months and where it rains the least most often go from May to September. The Automne is characterized by violent but short rains, the winter by precipitations important but more distributed.

From its proximity with the sea, freezing is rare (2,9 days per annum on average) and permanent freezing (i.e. where the maximum temperature remains lower or equal to zero) completely non-existent. Snow is rare also (hardly 1,5 days per annum on average) and it is exceptional that it is due on the ground (0,3 days per annum on average).

However, the softness of the Toulon-native climate should not make forget an unpleasant characteristic of the climate: wind. There is more than 115 days of strong wind (mistral, very dryness; east wind, in general accompanied by precipitations or cloudy time). The windiest month is January with on average 12,5 days of strong wind. The least windy is September with 7 days of strong wind. In winter, the mistral can considerably accentuate the feeling of cold even when the temperatures remain lenient.

The Toulon-native atmosphere is often dry. Thus the relative humidity is there on average of 56% with few seasonal variations: The driest months are July and August with 50%, the least dry is November and December with 60%.

Teaching

Population coed

Preparatory classes

Bonaparte College: accommodate the pupils in Preparatory class at the universities (die economic and commercial)
Lycée Dumont-In Urville: accommodate the pupils in preparatory class at the universities (scientific die - a MPSI and two PCSI in higher Mathématiques and a MP, a PSI*, a PC and a PC* in special Mathématiques -, literary and economic and commercial).
Hotel college: local BTS tourist Animation and management (Site of the College of Hotel trade and Tourism Saint Louis of Toulon and of the VAr).
general-purpose College Rouvière: accommodate the pupils in preparatory class at the universities (scientific sector: PTSI in higher mathematics and Pt in special mathematics like TSI)
Vocational school of the park Midsummer's Day
Vocational school Georges-Cisson

Higher education

Institute of higher learning of electronics and numerical (ISEN Toulon)
Institute of the VAr and engineerings de Toulon (ISITV)
Supméca Toulon
University of Toulon

Transport

Tunnel

The tunnel of Toulon east one of the building sites of this type which takes the most time to currently build. The first blows of pickaxe were given in 1991 for the construction of this tunnel which must unchoke Toulon, which is one of the most bottled cities France. Work for the first tube in the direction Nice - Marseilles lasted eleven years and in September 2002, the northern tube opens finally with circulation. Work for the southern tube (Marseilles-Nice direction) is in hand and this tube should not open before 2010. It will have been necessary in any step far from twenty years to build a long tunnel in very of three kilometers.

Airport

Airport of Toulon

Boat

Wearing of Toulon

Cable car

the Cable car of the Mount Faron

Trains broad outlines and station

Station of Toulon

Tram

Tram of Toulon

Famous characters born in Toulon

Among the players of Rugby to XV born in Toulon, let us quote:

Monuments

Cathedral Our-Lady-in-the-Seds Toulon (1096).
Opera of Toulon, the grand opera of province.
royal Tower, an old fortress of defense of the roads then prison until the Second world war.
Turn of the clock or “square tower”, in the enclosure of the arsenal, in the past on pile.
Statue in the honor of Raoh, emperor of Hokuto.
Statue of the Genius of Navigation, square of the Port (bronze statue, called in the popular speech “Bottom-towards-City”, owing to the fact that it turns the back on the Residents of Toulon).
Monument of the Federation, a fountain of the Place of Freedom, putting in scene in a way very idealized the departure of the Statue of freedom of Toulon towards New York on the Isere frigate.
Monument of the Empire of the trade, a fountain located place of the Sites which puts in scene the famous legend Viking concerning the exchange of the blue Screen in Toulon.
the Bathyscaphe F.N.R.S. 3, Esplanade of the Royal Tower
the statue of the strawberry of the East, representing a pineapple

Museums

National museum of the Navy of Toulon (one of the three of France).
Museum of Article
Museum of Asian Arts.
Natural history museum of Natural history.
Museum of the Toulon Old man.
Museum Jean Aicard-Paul Bertrand.
Hotel of Arts.
Memorial of the unloading in Provence with the Mount Faron.

Tourist sites

Telamones of Pierre Puget
Boat sculpture (the true head of prow is with the museum of the navy).
Church Saint-François-of-Paule (17th century).
Saint-Louis Church (neo-classic).
Strong Saint-Louis.
Mount Faron.
Place of the Freedom and its “Fountain of the Federation” (1889).
Puget Place and its “Fountain with the Dolphins” (1780).
Place Raimu and the frontage of the opera.
Beaches of Mourillon.
Door of Italy.
monumental Door of the Arsenal.
monumental Door of the old seminar of the Jesuits (frontage is Rope manufacture).
Statue of the Genius of Navigation (also called “Cuverville”).
New Rivière delimiting the districts of Good-Meets and the bridge Neuf (channel of diversion of the Mow undertaken by Vauban).

Parks, gardens and public gardens

Gastronomy

Mediterranean Kitchen and of Provence
the cade resident of Toulon (Socca), speciality containing chick-pea flour
the Fuss Frégi , fritter of Provence
culinary Speciality of the Pont-Neuf: Aozu (famous Toulon-native cocktail in New York and Tokyo), made starting from the Mortem plant, of juice of ichiwazu and alcohol drive bee

Sport

Rugby Toulon-native club, club of Rugby of the Pro D2, champion of France with three recoveries (1931, 1987 and 1992);
Sporting Toulon VAr, club of National Football of which goes down in CFA for season 2007/2008;
Hyères Toulon VAr Tennis shoe, club of Basket-ball of Pro has;
the Buccaneers, club of Hockey;
the Gunners, club of American football;
Toulon Agreement/Saint-Cyr-on-Sea, club of female Handball;
Site of presentation of the “rise of Faron”, pedestrian race of Easter Sunday.

Festivals and demonstrations

Cultural

Festival Jazz in Toulon
International festival of maritime film, exploration and environment (Official site).
Festival of the book
Fair with the Seedlings
Living room ideas weekend (tourism) (Official site).
Living room of the manga (Mangazur) (Official site).
Viatelo: Wiki carto of agglomeration TPM. The culture, it is you!

Gastronomical

Festival of the sweet chestnut
Festival of the sea urchin
Festival Bacchus (festival of the wine and the gastronomy)

Sportsmen

Championnat of France of Rugby Pro D2
Championnat of France of football National
Championnat of France of tennis shoe Pro has
female Championnat of France of handball of division 2
Championnat of France of hockey D3
Tournoi of Toulon

Twinnings

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