Toubou

Toubous or Teda, Englais Tubu, are of the alive people in the middle of the Sahara the Sahara. One can indicate by toubous only the Tédas, but also their close relations Dazas and Krédas (his 2 people are also called Goranes. They live in the mountainous solid masses of the Tibesti and the Ennedi, in the area of Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti in the north of the Chad, and in Kanem, as in the east of the Republic of the Niger in particular to Djado, Seguedine, Aney, Emitchouma, Achenouma, Argui, djouray, gourty, Dirkou, Chimindour, Beza, Agueur, Bilma, Zoo Baba and Fachi, where they are often called “Guezibida” because of their sedentarisation or of their interbreeding with the Kanouri S. It are also present in the Oasis of the south of Libya, and of the south-west of Egypt (until in 1920). They thus occupy an immense area of 1.300.000 km ². Toubous, more than one people, are a confederation of the clans.

They live extensive breeding their herds, in vast spaces which are unsuitable with any other mode of exploitation. They are stockbreeders of Dromadaire S, bovines and of smaller live-stock. For the large majority of Toubous, the herds are the only means of existence, but some practice all the same a small-scale farming of the ground in the oases best equipped in hydrographic resources such as those with the Borkou, in the south of the Tibesti.

The term toubou designates in fact the inhabitants of Tibesti in language Kanembou. This denomination adopted by the Colonization French, now allowed and passed in the everyday usage. Themselves name Teda in north, Daza in the south. They speak the tedaga, the teda emigrated southern worm speaks Tedaga metissé Dazaga, nobody learned spoken Teda comprent the dazaga, Tedaga is the language-mother of the dazaga, nilo-Saharan the Teda language appartien not with the language bus single Teda language and language orginale in Teda, appartien no group linguistic. They are between 300.000 and 500.000.

Toubous are distributed in the beginning 36 Clans, aujoudhuit approximately 50 clans, the clan toubou is a whole of men and women free and independent, dispersed in the space, origin deferent but linked by mariege. The signs characteristic of the clan are: the name, the nickname, the blazon or a mark, a legend which in short the origin or history. They practice a Islam traditionalist, mixed with the Teda habit. The law Teda or Toubous is a usual law which does not have anything to have with the Islamic Charia, Teda practices the worship of the saints of the “Borcodi”.

They were opposed to colonization and resisted during the occupation of 1930 to 1965 then against independences of Chad and Niger, they reaffirmed their claims separatists. The toubou are victims of persecution and of stereotypes that sticks to them the sedentary populations of the West and the South Niger.Par exemeple a toubou is considered with twists as a malicious criminal having always on him a knife which he will not hesitate to use. They are of course only the prejudices learnedly maintained by the successive capacities, which precisely dissatisfied Toubou. Tibesti in Chad, the Kawar and the Manga in Niger knew rebellions which are still active.

There exists the MDJT (Movement for the democracy and justice in Chad) supported by Libya and the FDR of Goukouni Zen in Niger the FARS (Revolutionary armed forces of the Sahara) of Barka ouerdougou supported by libya. These last were made hear in August 2006 by the catch as an hostage of two Italian tourists who belonged to a group of hikers between Bilma and Agadem. The FARS claim the light on the death of their chief Chahaye Barkaï assassinated by the army native of Niger in September 2001 whereas it was recipient with the peace agreements of 1995,1997 and 1998.les Daza its of Teda lives in dehor of Tibesti since more than 4 century.

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