The Tonkin , also written Tongkin or Tongking , is the septentrional part of the Vietnam, in the south of the provinces of Yunnan and Guangxi (China), in the east of the Laos and the west of the Golfe of Tonkin. Locally, it is known like Bắc Bộ (北圻), meaning " Border nord". Located on the fertile delta of the Red River, its production of Riz is important.

The town of Hanoï is the capital of Chinese Tonkin since the 7th century, when it carried name Chinese of 東京 (sinogrammes which would decide in Mandarin of today dongjing ), meaning " capital of Est". The same Chinese characters are used to write the name of the town of Tōkyō, in Mandarin and Japanese.

The France assumed sovereignty on Tonkin and the Annam after the Franco-Chinese Guerre (1884 - 1885) by using the Vietnamese name of the capital in for the totality of the area. The third part of Vietnam was the Cochinchine in the south.

Related references

• the adjective Latinized tonkinensis is a specific epithet, left the binomial Nomenclature (Taxonomie), used to describe Espèce S, especially of the Arbre S found in Tonkin. For example, Horned hongkongensis subsp. tonkinensis is a subspecies of a tree persisting or a Buisson of the family wood to dog , which is usually found with HongKong.
• a song of Vincent Scotto, going back to 1906, is entitled “small Tonkinoise”.
• the Ligne of Tonkin is a railway line connecting Saint-Maurice to Geneva (Suisse), while passing by Evian-the-Baths and Thonon-the-Baths (France). The line is exploited on territory Valaisan (Swiss), but is left with the abandonment between Saint-Gingolph and Évian-the-Baths, on French territory.