Tom-tom
A tom-tom is a Idiophone with its unspecified, contrary to the gong. Since is the colonial time, the term “tom-tom” wrongly used ( génériquement ?) to indicate any drum - especially if it comes or is supposed to come from Africa.
This Asian Percussion instrument of origin was appreciated by the Compositeur S Western because of the effect melodramatic produces by its major and metal sonority. It was introduced among the percussions of the Symphony orchestra at the 19th century.
François-Joseph Gossec used it for the first time in Europe in 1791 in the funeral March made up with died of Mirabeau. Thereafter, it was used, for example, in the Requiem of Luigi Cherubini, in Romeo and Juliette of Daniel Steibelt in 1793, or in the Vestal of Gaspare Spontini in 1807.
One of its first uses in the military Musique was decided at the time of the exhumation of the remainders of Napoleon Bonaparte with the Invalides the December 15th 1840.
According to the Encyclopædia Britannica, the quality of the sonority of the tom-toms would be due to the composition of their Bronze including/understanding eighty parts of Cuivre for twenty of tin, like with their hardening with cool water. This characteristic would have been redécouverte at the beginning of the 19th century by the chemist Jean-Pierre Joseph d' Arcet.
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