Toilet paper

The toilet paper , or toilet paper , is generally a Papier which is used to clean the Anus or the Genital, after having déféqué or urinated.

History

In the world

In the ancient Rome, a sponge was frequently used.

The first toilet papers were manufactured in China at the 14th century.

In 1857, in the United States, Joseph Cayetty is the first industrially to manufacture paper for hygienic needs. On all papers which it produces, its name is marked.

Before the invention of toilet paper, according to the countries and the habits, one used, for richest, of the Laine, the Dentelle, or the hemp. Most modest used their Main S, managed for déféquer in rivers or used vegetable.

The use of water to be cleaned is frequent in India south and in all the Moslem countries, where people use their left hand to be cleaned with water and their right hand to eat. In certain areas of the Africa, it is the reverse: a greeting with the right hand is thus regarded as impolite.

In France

The toilet paper , usually called today (but vulgarly) “PQ (pécu) or paper Bottom”, was introduced in France at the beginning of the 20th century. Regarded a long time as an luxury item, its use was really spread only in the the Sixties.

In France as in other European countries, after being last by various medieval systems, one initially had recourse to the use of the newspaper. Then toilet paper says “smooth bubble-cord”, called thus because of its color twists, gradually was essential to constitute the essence of the market of 1950 to 1970. Today it “smooth bubble-cord” practically disappeared. It is at the end of years 1950 that the use of “crimped” paper developed. The Ouate of cellulose then made its appearance: its growth was particularly marked during the decade 1970-1980. Today one finds paper-toilet decorated, scented, or in three folds: the market evolves to increasingly differentiated products, and new technologies aim at permanently increasing softness and resistance of the product.

Chronology

14th century: manufacture of toilet paper in China (for the use of the Emperor).
1596 : invention of the Toilet with Hunting of water by Sir John Harington.
18th century: distribution with large scales of newspapers… which become a popular tool of personal hygiene.
1710 : invention of the Bidet.
1857 : the American Joseph Cayetty begins the sale from a toilet paper manufactured in factory.
1879 : the Scott company sells the first toilet paper in roller. However, at the beginning the company does not print its name on packing.
Fine of the 19th century: perforated toilet paper rollers are available for the first time. Thus, one eliminates the need from the Rasoir or the Couteau on reel.
1890 : the great widespread availability of the Sears catalog, in fact a tool for cleaning frequently used in the rural communities of the North America.
1900 : the era victorienne makes the improvement of plumbing, which involves the wide use of the toilet with water hunting and the bidet (Europe).
1930 : Sears publishes its catalog on frozen sheets.
1935 : the company Northern Tissue announces its toilet paper as being without splinter .
1942 : the mill St Andrew' S in England manufactures the first paper with two thicknesses. Toilet paper becomes softer and malleable.
1943 : toilet paper of imagination printed with the image of Hitler.
the December 19th 1973: following a joke, the actor Johnny Carson causes the fear in the consumers, which involves a lack of toilet paper during three weeks with the the United States.
1990 - 1991: during the war of the Gulf, the American troops camouflage their tanks using toilet paper.
1990 : the toilet paper containing of the ingredients such as the Aloès belongs to an enormous marketing campaign to the the United States.
1990 : in England, the Andrex company puts on the market the first pre-wet towels.
1996 : the president Bill Clinton exerts his right to veto against a tax of 6 hundreds per toilet paper roller.
1999 : the first toilet combining bidet and drier is invented with the Japan.

Market evolution

If the product were known in France since the beginning of the 20th century, the market of toilet paper him, really started only at the end of the Second world war by détrônant the use of the newspaper.

Toilet paper then knew an increasing use during one half-century.

Today, this market become mature because of the presence of toilet paper in the totality of the hearths, continues a more modest but regular growth.

In other countries of the world, the evolution of the toilet paper consumption is so large that generates problems. Thus, the China currently saw “the crisis of toilet paper”: “I am happy to see that the young people adopt toilet paper, which is a sign which proves our social development and which helped to develop our industry” explained Wang Yueqin, vice-director of the Association of industries of paper with Shanghai. “But, I start to worry me about the growing wood consumption” it underlined. “Industry must consider other technologies. ” According to him, “the 140 000 tons of paper of toilet and Kleenex used daily with Shanghai require some 80 000 tons of wood pulp, which is equivalent to 300.000 tons of wood. ”

The industry of toilet paper

The industry of toilet paper and to spare in Europe represents 8,5 billion euros and accounts for 26% of worldwide consumption. Each European uses on average 13 kilos per year of them.

Alternatives

In France, the invention of the Bidet allowed a change of the practices sometimes.

With the country of the rising sun, the toilets (private and public) have jet of water and drier.

The pressurized water jet is also used in particular in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand, where he is generally regarded as being more hygienic than toilet paper. This water jet is the modern version in a more traditional way which consists in washing the base by holding with a hand a jug or a bottle of water and by using the other hand for cleaning, more precisely the end of the fingers.

Environmental protection

WWF denounces the improper use of toilet paper resulting directly from virgin fibers and recommends for its manufacture the use of paper recycled. Each day the equivalent of 270 000 Arbre S would be used to manufacture toilet paper or to spare. The WWF does not specify nevertheless in which proportions these fibers would come from waste of the industry of wood, not easily exploitable for another use.

Zh-yue: 廁紙

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