The to fish ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) is a species of fruit-bearing Arbre of the family of the Rosaceae , cultivated for its edible Fruit, the fishing.
Synonyms: Prunus vulgaris Miller
History
To fish is a small tree cultivated since the Antiquité in the Mediterranean basin and, nowadays, on all the continents. It would have been imported of Perse, from where its specific name, derived from Prunus persica , fruit of Persia. But it is more probably originating in the North of the China (provinces of Guizhou, Hebei, Sichuan and Shanxi) or one calls it “tree of the life” (symbol of the Immortalité and the Fécondité) and where one had cultivated it for 3.000 years before J. - C. It was introduced in France (Botanical garden) in 1685 and Quintinie created some more than thirty varieties because Louis XIV appreciated fishing.
Description
To fish Fruit tree with smooth bark is a , high from 2 to 6 meters and with spread out port and rapid growth.Its Feuille S null and void acuminate is green frank and releases a light odor of Amande. They are long from 8 to 15 centimetres out of 2 or 3 centimetres broad with a court Pétiole equipped on both sides with two or three nectary S for the base with the Limbe.
Its pink flowers appear before the sheets at the end of the winter or beginning of spring, even in summer for the later varieties ( fishing of Nancy ). They are Hermaphrodite S, to five Pétale S, twenty to twenty-five cheesecloth S and a Style.
The fruit (fishing), mainly consumed fresh, is a generally spherical Drupe.
Varieties
One knows hundreds of variety S to fish. One can classify them in four principal groups, sometimes considered as Sous-espèce S, while basing oneself on two characters of the fruit: velvety or smooth skin, adherent core with the flesh or being detached freely.These categories are the following ones:
Fruit with fluffy skin
- free core: to fish itself (fishing),
- adherent core: to fish of Pavia, pavie or fishes pavie, of Pavia, common of the Gers.
Fruit with smooth skin
Prunus persica nectarina (Has.) Maxim. (Kazakhstan):- free core: Nectarinier (Nectarine),
- adherent core: brugnonier (Nectarine).
For each category, there exist fruits with white flesh, yellow or blood flesh.
There exist also fishings of flattened form called " fish punt of China " (Prunus persica “Platycarpa”) or " Pentoo" (of Chinese " Side Tao" meaning " Fish of Paradis") or " Paraguayo " in Spanish or " Doughnut peach" in English (because of its resemblance to a fritter).
Culture
To fish a tendency not has apical E, i.e. at the time of a size, it sets out again rather of the base to the detriment of the summit. It is difficult to cultivate them out of pot unless giving them in open ground regularly to give again strength to them.To fish is cultivated either in Plein-vent, in particular in the vines of Europe, or in Espalier.
The manual harvest of fishings takes place in summer; the fruits, fragile, are quickly placed in cold room.
The multiplication is done by Semis or vegetative Multiplication. One can use like Porte-greffe, according to the type of ground, one to fish, a Prunier or a Hybride Pêcher X Amandier.
Certain varieties such as the " fish Vigne " or the " queen of the Orchard s" multiply accurately by Semis. To fish generally bears fruit towards the 7 years age and can produce fruits during 15 to 20 years.
In France, the culture is concentrated in the southernmost areas.
Plant health
The knowledge of the stages Phénologique S makes it possible to better reason the plant health monitoring and the fight.To fish is sensitive to the Cloque of fishing which one can treat with the Bouillie of Bordeaux.
It is also sensitive to the Oïdium, with the Eastern tortrix of fishing (Cydia molesta), like with various kinds of Puceron S: the green Plant louse of fishing (Myzus persicae), the plant louse cigarier of fishing (Myzus varians), the brown plant louse of the plum tree (Brachycaudus prunicola), the farinaceous plant louse of the plum tree (Hyalopterus pruni) and the black plant louse of fishing (Brachycaudus persicae).
The gray Péritèle, (Peritelus sphaeroides) and the Phyllobe, (Phyllobius oblongus), even family, attack the sheets. Lastly, the small mineuse one of fishing (Anarsia lineatella) attacks the starts-up and the fruits. The Thrips of fishing (Thrips meridionalis) attacks the flowers.
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