To drown

The to drown ( Juglans ) is a kind of Plante S pertaining to the family of the Juglandacée S, originating in the moderate and hot areas mainly of the northern hemisphere (Eurasia, North America). The Latin name Juglans comes from Jovis glans , “nipple of Jupiter”.

General characters

The Juglans are Arbre S of large sizes, with Feuille S null and void, alternates S, imparipenné are. They are plants monoïque S with separated sexes, with Pollinisation Anémophile.

The greenish Fleur S small are unisexuées. The male flowers (staminate) are grouped out of ears or lengthened kittens, they count up to 36 cheesecloth S. The female flowers (Pistil lées) are joined together by groups of 2 to 4, they have a bilobate Stigmate .

The Fruit S are generally Drupe S indéhiscent, with endocarpe sclerified, containing only one Graine with Cotylédon S are developed and rich in fat contents.

Distribution

This kind is widespread mainly in the moderate and subtropical areas of Eurasia and America, primarily in the northern hemisphere. It is completely absent, except introduction by the man, of Africa and Australia.

The majority of the species are originating in North America. Only one is spontaneous in Europe: Juglans regia , the To drown common.

Principal species

Juglans ailantifolia Career, To drown of Japan
Juglans australis Griseb.,
Juglans boliviana (C. cd.) Dode, To drown of Bolivia
Juglans californica S. Watson, To drown of California
Juglans cinerea L., To drown ashy
Juglans guatemalensis W.E. Manning,
Juglans hindsii Jeps. ex R.E. Sm., To drown of Hind
Juglans hirsuta W.E. Manning,
Juglans hopeiensis Hu,
Juglans jamaicensis C. cd., To drown of the Antilles
Juglans major (Torr.) A. Heller,
Juglans mandshurica Maxim., To drown of Mandchourie
Juglans microcarpa Berland., To drown of Texas
Juglans weakened Engelm.,
Juglans neotropica Diels, Noyer of the Andes
Juglans will nigra L., Noyer black or To drown of America
Juglans olanchana Standl. & L.O. Williams,
Juglans pyriformis Liebm.,
Juglans regia L., To drown common or To drown royal
Juglans sigillata Dode,
Juglans soratensis W.E. Manning,
Juglans ×intermedia (C. cd.) Career, (hybrid Juglans will nigra X Juglans regia ).

Others

The walnut tree prevents the growth of plants which push in its vicinity: the rain carries with it a compound, the " Juglone ", secreted by the walnut tree which oxidizes once on the ground. This substance, present in the sheets and the bark, inhibits the germination of seeds and disturbs the growth of the other plants.

Economic importance

Several species are cultivated for their fruits, the Noix, in particular the common Noyer, whose rather large nuts have a thin hull, and the black Noyer originating in North America, although the nuts of this last have a taste less appreciated and are more difficult to extract from their very thick hull. Some are also cultivated for their Bois, it is especially the common walnut tree which is traditionally required for this use, as well in cabinet work as for the manufacture of various objects, of which sticks of rifle. The wood of the black, dense and heavy walnut tree, also is very appreciated well that of a darker color.

The hybrid walnut tree, resulting from the crossing (at the origin naturalness) between the common walnut tree and the black walnut tree, is used for the production of wood because it is of very fast growth. Several hybrid varieties are tested in Agroforesterie. Various varieties are also required like ornamental trees.

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