To announce (bridge)

In the Jeu of Bridge the defenders can choose charts particular to play to communicate a signal . The whole of the techniques implemented to transmit this information is called indication .

Types of signals

By providing small

One generally distinguishes 3 types of transmissible information by the small charts:

Signal of attitude

This signal relates to the interest carried to the played color. One thus speaks also about signal about call/refusal. Usually, to provide a high chart is a call and a low chart a refusal, but one can make the reverse.

For example, if the test starts ace of spade (showing the King), you can announce with the nine that you hold the lady or a doubleton (asking that it continue the continuation), or with the three that you do not hold anything for him in this color.

This signal is also found when one leaves the smallest chart of a color, thus showing an interest for the color: one speaks about small promising .

Signal of account

This signal gives information of account in the played color. Of course, one cannot, in a chart, to give information as precise as " I have 3,4,5 or 6 cartes". This signal is restricted to give information of parity. To play the small charts while mounting watch an odd account, to play them while going down (one says also " in écho") show an even account.

Thus, when one provides the 2 in a color, one shows without ambiguity an odd account of this color. In the case of an even account, it is more difficult, but one makes an effort as much as possible to make readable the first chart.

This information, allied with the biddings, with starts and the play of death, in general allows the good players to reconstitute the distribution of the informant at any beginning of blow and, thus, to thwart its plan of play.

The account with the asset is usually reversed. It can be used to indicate the desire or the possibility of crossing.

Signal preferably

This signal is used to mark a preference with respect to the other colors that which is played. As there are 4 colors and that the principal color of the informant (the asset possibly) is known, there remain 2 colors between which one will mark a preference by the height of the played chart, compared with the order of the colors (while going down).

There exists however of other techniques such UDCA , quite useful to know if you play on Internet (click on the left of the screen to reach the wiki in English language on indication).

By playing a large chart

One also can, in these situations, to provide information. This one will be generally relating to the content of the played color.

While starting or on the basis of an honor

When an honor is started, the immediately lower honor or honors are generally promised. One thus starts in head of sequence . The exception is when, for a reason or another, one starts in a color singleton or doubleton.

By providing an honor

When one plays in 3rd or in 4th to try to make the lifting or to force a chart of the adversary, one provides smallest of the equivalent ones. This attitude gives more information than the reverse.

Use of the signals

There is habit to say it, a chart can transmit only one information at the same time. All the difficulty of indication is to determine, with each played chart, the type of information awaited or, reciprocally, transmitted by the partner. This been the subject of a development between partners being based on an inventory of the situations, outlined here:

On starts of the partner: in general, it is the started chart which determines the type of awaited signal. For example, one can agree that of Have request a signal of attitude (" starts it; I continue or not? ") and that starts it of a King asks for a signal of account.

While truing: one can, by the choice of the color and height of the trued chart, to preferably give a signal, of account or even of attitude (direct call).

While providing: when the adversary obviously undertakes to free a color, it is often advisable to give information of account to the partner so that he takes at the good moment.

While giving to cross: when one makes cut the partner, the most expensive wish is to start again. One will thus privilege the signal preferably to indicate the color in which one will include the hand.

Strategies of indication

Vis-a-vis the diversity of the situations, various coherent strategies of indication were developed by the champions and recoveries, with various controls and fortunes, by the players. The principal strategies known in France are:

First trues Italian

It is a question of truing a chart of odd row in a color where one wishes to announce a force to the partner. Trues of a chart of even row announces a disinterest for the color; with more the row of the chart can cover a preference for another color. For example trues it of one 2 announces that one is not interested by but that on the other hand them (the least expensive of the remaining colors for low cards) can be of an interest. Of one 5 mark trues an interest for.

True Lavinthal

It is a question of truing of a color for which one has no interest. The height of the chart revealing a preference for one or the other of the remaining colors (except asset). For example trues it of the 8 watch a disinterest for and a preference for most expensive (highest) of the two remaining colors.

The account

It is considered here that priority information is the distribution of the hand of the informant and one thus privileges the information of account provided to the first occasion. Generally, this strategy is accompanied by the technique of call known as direct where, when a player wishes imperatively to ask for the play in a color, it provides to it or there trues a large chart (as with the belote).

To conclude

Two or three small remarks as a conclusion:

One can announce only with the charts that one A. If the smallest possible chart is one 8, it will be to the partner to realize it to the sight of the other charts of the color.
One forgets it sometimes, the first priority in defense is not to deliver of lifting and it is sometimes already sufficiently hard to provide to the color.

Random links: