The Tlingits are a nation indigenous of North America. They occupy the Alaska Panhandle, a territory which includes/understands the coastal area of the south-east of the Alaska and the islands which face him.
Culture
They developed a complex culture based on hunting and the gathering in the wet moderate forests of the area. Gathered in eighteen local groups or tribes, the company tlingite is treated on a hierarchical basis. With a system matrilinéaire, it includes/understands the noble ones (chiefs of clan and chalk-lining and parents immediate), common people and slaves. During second half of the XIXe century, the " helmets-heaume " , also called " masks of tête" , were carried at the time of ritual dances. This part, carved in a hollowed out wood node, represents a woman with which the lower lip is provided with a Labret, badge of nobility. Perhaps the mask incarnated it its spirit. It would have had then a protective function near the warriors tlingit. In addition to a protective spirit, or the family blazon, the heaume could also appear an animal (bear or sea lion) that Tlingit admired for their aggressiveness, exemplary quality of the warrior.The language tlingite is known not only for its complex grammar but also to use some Phonème S which one does not hear in almost the totality of the other languages.
First contacts with Europeans
The first contacts with Europeans date from Russian, Spanish and British forwardings maritime in this area towards half of the 18th century. Many explorers came thus into contact with Tinglits. The majority of these exchanges were friendly, in spite of certain European fears. Tlingit rather quickly appreciated barter with the European products. As a whole, Europeans was impressed enough ease of Tinglits.The first contact undoubtedly goes back to 1741 at the time of the the Second forwarding of Kamtchatka of Vitus Bering with Alexei Tchirikov. The ship of Vitus Bering was separated from that of Tchirikov and was reached Kayak Island. However Tchirikov sailed to him to the Western coasts of the Archipel Alexandre. It lost two boats with their men towards the Lisianski strait in the north of the island Chichagof. By seeking them, Tchirikov met Tlingit which it considered hostile and turned over towards the west.
In 1744, Juan Jose Pérez Hernández was sent by the viceroy of the News-Spain, Antonio María de Bucareli there Ursúa, to explore the Pacifique coast with the objective to reach the 60 degrees of northern latitude to locate possible Russian establishments and to claim the country for Spain. It was accompanied by Fray Juan Crespi and france Tomás of Peña Suria (or Savaria), this last carried out a certain number of drawings which constitute today priceless testimonys on the life Tlingit during the time précoloniale.
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