Tjalling Koopmans (1910 - February 28th 1985) was an economist, specialist in the mathematical economy.

Life

He was initially student in Physique. But it is directed quickly towards the economy, impressed by the effects of the great depression of 1929 on the saving in its country, the Netherlands.

In 1933, it enters to the department of mathematics applied to the economy of the University of Amsterdam, directed at the time by Jan Tinbergen. It will succeed this last at the School of saving in Rotterdam, then with the Société of the Nations to Geneva, as economic council.

When the Netherlands are invaded by the Nazi Germany, it taken refuge with the the United States and takes American nationality in 1946. It is in the United States that it publishes its principal work in Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, then with the Université of Chicago, Cowles Commission for Research in Economics, and finally, as from 1955, with the Université of Yale, where it meets James Tobin.

Principal Work

The first work of Koopmans relates to a complex problem of reorganization of the maritime transport in time of war. It will seek to solve it by the technique of analysis of activity. What leads it to improve the linear programming, in parallel and independently of Leonid Kantorovich.

Koopmans then invests in research on the optimal allowance of the resources at the macroeconomic level . It then works out a theory of analysis of the activity starting from a choice under constraints, making it possible to clarify the report/ratio binding effective production and system of Prix. This new prospect breaks with the traditional approach which included/understood the relation inputs/outputs under the angle of a function of production. It can then be used as a basis for the decisions of investment and makes it possible to supplement the model of general stability of Arrow - Debreu.

In the years 1960, Koopmans also got busy to develop techniques of optimization in the offer of energy matters.

Rewards

In 1975, Tjalling Koopmans receives the " Nobel Prize of économie" with Leonid Kantorovich.

Principal publications

• One the description and comparison off economic systems , 1971, A. Eckstein, Berkeley, University off California Close, p. 27-78

• Scientific papers off Tjalling C. Koopmans , 1970.
• Three essays one the state off economic science , 1957, French translation at Dunod
• Optimum utilization off the transportation system , 1949, Proceedings off the International statistical conferences, vol. 5 (1947), 136-45, reproduced in Supplement to Econometrica July 17th, th and th, 136-46
• Exchange ratios between cargoes one various roads (non-refrigerating dry cargoes) , 1970, memorandum for Combined Shipping Adjustment Board, Washington, 1942, reproduced in Scientific papers, Springer Verlag, p. 77-86

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