Tipû Sâhib
Tipû Sâhib , also known under the name of Tipû Sultân (1749 - May 4th 1799) was sultan of Mysore as from 1782 and one of the principal opponents to the installation of the British capacity in India what was worth to him the nickname of Tigre of Mysore .
Tipû Sâhib, at the 15 years age, accompanies his/her father Haidar Alî in war against the British in what one will name later first war the of Mysore. The second war of Mysore follows five years later, and although the British are demolished this time, Tipû Sâhib is convinced that the British constitute a new form of threat in India. After being become sultan following the death of his father which has occurred in 1782, it works to maintain progress British by conceiving a series of alliances. When those formed with the Marathe S and the Empire moghol fail, it turns to the France, which had followed an aggressive colonial policy in India a few decades earlier, policy which had been stopped after the Guerre Seven Year old.
Tipû sends three ambassadors to Paris in 1788, Mohammed Dervich Khan, Akbar Ali Khan and Mohammad Osman Khan, which arouse a great public interest. Louis XVI, which ordered a service of S2evres china like diplomatic gift, grants an audience to them and persuades one of them to pose for Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun.
Waiting more this alliance that it could not offer to him, it invades, in 1789, Neighboring state of Travancore, protectorate British, which starts the third war of Mysore, which will last three years and has as a consequence a resounding defeat for Mysore which loses half of its territory, the defection of France implied in its Révolution at the beginning of the conflict is a major factor of this failure. Tipû Sâhib signs the treaty of Seringapatam by which it loses half of its territories to the profit of its enemies, the British, who seize the Malabar and the Coorg, but also the Marathe S and Nizâm of Hyderâbâd. It must also pay three million Roupie S with the English Compagnie of the Eastern Indies and leave like hostages two of its sons, Abdul Khaliq and Maiz ud-DIN, old of 10 and 8 years, near Corwallis in waiting of the payment. Tipû Sâhib, to wash these humilations, seeks then the support of the republican France, becoming even member of the Club of the Jacobins. Some François Ripaud plant a tree of Freedom in Seringapatam and deploy the republican banner there. It receives even some troops of France.
Lord Wellesley is named general governor of the Indies in 1798. Its mission is to extend the British domination on the country. The same year, the purpose of the forwarding of Bonaparte in Egypt is to threaten India, and Mysore is a major asset in this plan. As of its arrival, Wellesley, fascinating pretext of the contacts of Tipû Sâhib with France, the attack and the fourth war of Mysore begins. Although Nelson destroyed the ambitions of Napoleon with the Bataille of the Nile, the British armies - of which one is ordered by Arthur Wellesley, the future first Duc of Wellington - go on Mysore in 1799 and besiege its Seringapatam capital. The May 4th, the attackers cross the walls and Tipû Sâhib, precipitating on the spot, is killed.
A notable projection of the soldiers under the orders of Tipû Sâhib is the use of brigades provided with rockets. The effect produced by these weapons on the British during the third and fourth wars of Mysore will inspire the colonel William Congreve to invent her own rockets.
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