Timişoara (in German Temeswar , Temeswar or Temeschburg , in Hungarian Temesvár , in Serbo-Croatian Temišvar , in Turkish Tamışvar ) is a city of the west of the Romania, in the area of the Banat, Judeţ de Timiş, with a population of 329.554 inhabitants in 2000. All the alternatives of this name derive from the name of the river Timiş, which runs in the proximity and whose water arrived, in a remote past, to the city. In fact it is the Bega, channeled since 1728, which traverses the locality. Industrial town with extensive services, it was the first European city with being enlightened with electricity, in 1884, and one of the first cities to being equipped with an electric tram (in 1899).

Timişoara is a multicultural city with influential minorities, primarily of the German (" Suebes" or Schwaben), of the Hungarian, the Serb and the Rroms but also of the Italian , the Arab and the Greek or of Tcheaques and the Slovak ones. It is the town of birth of Johnny Weissmuller (Olympic champion of swimming of American nationality, known for its interpretation of Tarzan). Timişoara was also visited by Gustave Eiffel; it also built a pedestrian bridge there on the river Bega. Economically, the city made strong great strides, with in particular establishments of companies Italian, or French, like Valéo, or Alcatel (one of the first local employers, with more than 800 frameworks, data processing specialists in particular). Among the local productions, let us announce that of the brewery, the beer Timisoreana (property of Ursus Breweries which also produces, in Romania, Ursus and Pilsner Urquell). The first brewery of Timişoara was built in 1718.

History

In 1019 Timişoara (under the various names of Dibiscos, Bisiskos, Tibiskos, Tibiskon, Timbisko, etc) is mentioned for the first time in documents written by the Byzantine Empereur Basile II (all the historians do not agree on this identification).

Essentially, to see the history of the Banat de Temesvar.

The first factory of Tabac of Romania was created in Timişoara. Timişoara is the first city of the Empire where the public lighting using candles and of oil lamps was introduced and it was also the first city with being enlightened with electricity.

Insurrection of 1989

The December 16th 1989, a popular insurrection started in Timişoara against the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. The city was thus the first to rebel against the capacity. An order of deportation of Pasteur Hungarian calvinist László Tökés was given to the secret police, the Securitate, and in reaction its house was encircled by members of its church. The people who supported it gathered on the place of the Opera (current Victoriei place), the central place of the city. The army accepted the order to open fire on the demonstrators, but certain officers refused to apply this order, and lined up as regards demonstrator. It was the beginning of the end of the old mode, which fell the following week.

The December 20th, after 4 days of insurection, Timişoara is declared first city free of Romania.

The mass grave of 1989, a famous falsification

See also: Business of the mass graves of Timişoara

It was reported that there would have been 1.104 killed and 3.352 wounded during the insurrection against the current figure of 93 died at the end. Images of a " charnier" , manufactured of all parts and shown with the Western press, were abundantly diffused in the whole world. It is only in February 1990 that it was established that it was an intoxication. The name of Timisoara consequently remained associated with handling whose mediae are always likely to be at the same time the easily deceived ones and the relays.

Demography

Timişoara counts 336.089 inhabitants (statistical of 2006, against 317.660 at the time of the census of 2002). The average annual growth is of -1,5%. 14,2% of the population is 15 years old or less. 4% have more than 75 years.

The distribution between the worships reflects the multicultural composition more or less. At the time of the census of 2002, approximately 80% of the inhabitants were declared orthodoxe and 10% roman catholics, the city cash even more than 4.000 gréco-catholics. Various Protestant churches (pentecotists, Baptists…) manifestly progressed influences some while the Jewish community, very important before the introduction of the Communist regime, étiole strongly and cannot maintain the three synagogs any more the city.

Dynamics of the population of the municipality and ethnic composition:

Universities

The principal universities are: It is the different one of which the university “ crestina ” (Christian) Dimitrie Cantemir which locally established a center of teaching of tourist and commercial management: http://www.ucdc.ro/

French-speaking college

Famous characters

  • Meir Amigo Business man born in Turkey, directing Jews of Temesvar at the XVIIIe century.
  • daN Atanasiu (1955 -) Rumanian Pianist
  • Alexandru Balaban (1931-) Rumanian Chemist bench with HAVE
  • Iolanda Balaş (Balázs Jolán) (1936-) Rumanian Athlete, champion in jump à' the height
  • Arthur Balogh Rumanian Double bass player of jazz
  • Mircea Baniciu (1949-) Singer and author of songs Rumanian rock'n'roll, soloist of the " unit; Phoenix"
  • Bearded Ioana (1983 -) Rumanian Actress of cinema
  • Anna Blandiana (born Otilia Valeria Coman, 1942 -) Rumanian Woman of letters, poetess
  • daN Bugeanu (1927-2003) Rumanian Philologist
  • Charles Robert of Hungary (of Anjou) (1288-1342) King de Hongrie, made Temesvar his capital provisional
  • Livius Ciocârlie (1935-) Critical Rumanian arts person
  • Ioan Mihai Cochinescu (1951-) Writer and Rumanian musicologist
  • Viorel Cosma (1923 -) Musicologist
  • Nicu Covaci (1947-) Type-setter, guitarist and Rumanian painter, chief of the unit rock'n'roll " Phoenix"
  • Ioachim Domide Rumanian Musician Swiss, player of naï (panpipes)
  • Robert Dornhelm (1947) Realizer of cinema north-American-Austrian
  • György Dózsa (1470-1514) Small noble Hungarian, directing country revolt transylvane of 1514, carried out in public on July 20th, 1514 with Timişoara
  • Ezra Fleischer (1928 - 2006) Philologist and Israeli Hebrew poet
  • Catalin Dorian Florescu (1967-) Swiss Writer of German language
  • Andre François born (Farkas) Illustrator, draftsman and painter French
  • Zoltán Franyó (1887 - 1978) Poet and Rumanian translator of Hungarian expression
  • Peter George Oliver Freund (1936-) American Physicist
  • Ingo Knell (1941-) German Sculptor
  • Peter Large American Professor of journalistic
  • Micha Harish (1936-) Politicking (member of the Labor Party) Israeli, trade and Minister of Industry
  • Arnold To raise (1892 - 1978) Historian and sociologist of arts Hungarian-British
  • Jean Hunyadi, Ioan de Hunedoara or János Hunyadi (1387 - 1456) count de Temes (Timis) and Transylvanian general of Rumanian origin, father of king Mathias Corvinus of Hungary , héro of the wars against the Turks, built one of its castles has Temesvar
  • Ioan Holender (1935-) Manager Austrian and baritone, director of the Opera of Vienna
  • Ion or Iosif Ivanovici (1845? - 1902) Leader and Rumanian type-setter (the waltz " Vaguenesses of Danube")
  • Alexandru Jebeleanu (1923 - 1996) Rumanian Poet, deceased in Timişoara
  • Aleksander I Karadjordjevitch Serb Prince, deceased in Timişoara in 1885
  • Károly Kerényi (1897 - 1973) Hungarian Philologist - Switzerland, specialist in Greek mythology
  • György Klapka (1820 - 1892) General Hungarian, héro of the Revolution of 1848 -49
  • Frederic Klein Rumanian Entomologue
  • Károly Kós (1897 - 1973) Architect, writer and politician Hungarian-Rumanian
  • Nikolaus Lenau (Franz Nikolaus Niembsch Edler von Strehlenau, 1802 - 1850) Austrian Poet, born at the village Csátad (Schadat), today Lenauheim, close to Timişoara
  • Eva Loon Canadian Doctor, cardiologist
  • George Lusztig (1946 -) North-American Mathematician of Rumanian origin
  • Erik Majtényi (1921 - 1982) Rumanian Poet of Hungarian expression
  • Margarethe Matzenauer Mezzosoprano North-American of origin Austrian-Hungarian woman
  • József Méliusz (Nelovankovic) (1909-1995) Rumanian Poet of Hungarian expression
  • Claude Florimund, count de Mercy (1666 - 1734) governor of Temesvar
  • Richard Oschanitzky Pianist and type-setter of Rumanian jazz
  • Augustin Pasha Catholic Evèque of Timişoara
  • Pavel Chinezul or Kinizsi Pál (1432 - 1494) count de Temes, héro of the combat of defense against the Turks
  • Pelbart Ladislaus de Temesvár (1430-1504) Preacher franciscain, theologist and philosopher Hungarian
  • Iuliu Podlipny (1898-1991) Rumanian Painter of Slovak origin, deceased in Timişoara
  • Francisc Radó (1921-1990) Rumanian Mathematician
  • Reuven Ramaty (1937-2001) Astrophysicist israëlo-American
  • Serban Sturdza Rumanian Architect
  • Cornel Trăilescu (1926-) Type-setter and director of Rumanian orchestra the opera " The cat botté")
  • Andrei Ujica Realizer of cinema established in Germany
  • Traian Vuia (1872-1950) Inventive Rumanian, pioneer of world aviation, later directed to France the face of the resistant Rumanian anti-nazis; born at the village Surducu Mic, today share of the commune Traian Vuia, in the department of Timiş
  • Johnny Weissmüller (1904-1984) Sporting and American movie actor (" Tarzan"), Olympic champion of swimming
  • Myriam Yardeni (1932-) Historian israëlienne of Rumanian origin
  • Johann Lippet (1951-) German Writer
  • Richard Wagner (writer) (1952-) German Writer
  • Herta Müller (1953-) German Woman of letters

Transport

The city has an urban grid system exploited by Regia Autonoma de Transport Timisoara (RATT). It includes/understands lines of Tramway S, Trolleybus and Autobus. Since the years 1990, the network is equipped with vehicles of occasion preventing of Germany (Bremen, Karlsruhe, Munich) for the trams, of Belgium (Brussels), France (Mulhouse), and Austria (Salzburg) for the buses, and of Germany (Eberswalde, Weimar, Esslingen), of Austria (Salzburg), Switzerland (Winterthur) and France (Lyon) for the trolley buses.

Twinnings

photographs of the city

Random links:François Girardon | Baiano | Algorithm hope-maximization | Lake Estom | Tifrit Does not have el Hadj

© 2007-2008 speedlook.com; article text available under the terms of GFDL, from fr.wikipedia.org