See also: Edo
The time of Edo (江戸時代, Edo jidai ) indicates one of the 14 traditional subdivisions of the Histoire of Japan. This period begins towards 1600, with the takeover of Tokugawa Ieyasu and finishes towards 1868, with the restoration Meiji. It is dominated by the shogunat of the Tokugawa whose Edo (old name of Tōkyō) is the capital.
This time is characterized in particular by a closing of the country on itself. Japan preserves only some diplomatic bonds with the Korea. Only the China and the Holland have the privilege to maintain the commercial relations with him. Europeans are not allowed on the Japanese ground, under penalty of death. The maritime exchanges are done by the port of Dejima, an small island with broad of Nagasaki. By this opening, the Japanese elites will impregnate Western scientific knowledge (“Dutch studies”), only writings not to be censured by the capacity shogunal.
The time ends in 1868 with the restoration of the capacity imperial by the fifteenth and last shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu. See: hierarchical System at the time Edo
Events
- 1600 : Battle of Sekigahara
- 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu becomes Shogun, establishing the shogounat of Hiro
- 1603: The Kabuki theater is rested by the priestess shintô Okuni
- 1609: Opening of the port of Hirado to the Dutchmen
- 1612: Tokugawa Ieyasu prohibits the Christian religion
- 1613: First English commercial counter with Hirado
- 1614: Tokugawa Ieyasu intensifies persecutions against the Christians
- 1614: Sit of winter of Ōsaka
- 1615: Sit of summer of Ōsaka
- 1615: The Toyotomi dynasty is destroyed by Tokugawa Ieyasu after the capture of the castle of Ōsaka
- 1623: English gives up their counter of Hirado
- 1628: Only the Chinese and Dutch are authorized with the trade with Nagasaki and Deshima
- 1629: Laws on the military households (Buke shohattô)
- 1635: Establishment of the system of the sankinkôtai (regular stays of the daimyô with Edo)
- 1638: Closing of the borders
- 1640: Portuguese envoys come to negotiate new trade agreements are carried out
- 1641 - 1642: One period of famine plunges Japan in misery
- 1657: Large fire of Edo (now Tokyo) which causes the death of more than 30.000 people
- 1703: The seism of Kantô makes 30.000 dead
- 1707: Eruption of the Mount Fuji
- 1720: Authorization to import Western works without relationship with Christianity
- 1792: The Russians fail in an attempt to establish commercial relations with the Japan
- 1854: The commodore Matthew Perry force the government has to open the ports with the trade
- 1855: November 11th, a seism in Tokyo makes 10.000 dead
- 1867: Imperial restoration of Meiji
Castes
Although the concept of Caste does not apply to the Japan, the time of Edo (江戸時代, Edo jidai ) saw the appearance of a hierarchical system confucéen of classification of the individuals compared to their social origins and their trades (身分制度, mibun seido ). This system was before a whole moral system, it entered only little in consideration the life of the every day. However, it has a considerable importance and impregnates still today the culture of Japan.
Theater
It is besides at this period that is created the Theater Kabuki in the area of Kyôto by the lady Okuni. In 1605 it assembles with several women a grotesque troop of dance which will know one big hit. In 1629, the women are prohibited in the stage performances because it was an important factor of Prostitution. The feminine roles are thus held a time by beautiful young man S, but in 1649 the teenagers are proscribed for the same reason. Men take the place of the women then, creating the new profession of Onna spoiled. In 1660 the children will be also prohibited, always due to prostitution.
See too
-
Francoise and Mieko Macé, Japan d' Edo , Beautiful Letters, 2006
-
Flagstone Furutani, the Promise of the Samurai , Revenge with the Jade Palate and Threats on Shogun , Trilogy of historical novels, 1998,1999 and 2000,
External bonds
- HistoJapon, History of Japan
Zh-yue: 江戶時代
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