Tilery

Localization

Being large consumers of Clay, sand and energy, tileries are generally in the areas where clay is abundant (generally in the plains, in lower part of 500 meters altitude) and where one finds also sand, and near enforestées zone (for oldest, because the tiles were formerly cooked with wood), or with priximity of a Canal and/or a Railway which allowed that one brings the coal there, and that the tiles are exported. Modern tileries often function with the Fuel and/or the Natural gas.

Environment

Tileries and briquetteries have two great types of environmental impacts, to balance taking into consideration their capacity to develop local resources, by limiting the transport polluting of materials at long distances:

- they consume great quantities of energy and thus contribute to the emissions of Gaz to greenhouse effect.

- their Carrière S can generate éco-landscape impacts important. These imapcts can sometimes be positive with the intallations of wetlands spontaneously recolonized by a Biodiversité which benefits from the Oligotrophie of the mediums. But the impacts of the careers were generally negative, because they have in the past almost toutesservi of Décharge (municipal, industrial, public or deprived). In theory, if there remains a subjacent important layer of clay, the risk for the tablecloth is limited, but many careers were exploited to sand under-jacant or other materials less " étanches" that clay. Moreover in the clay which is a laminated material; the vertical circulation of water and the pollutants is very limited, but it is less true for their horizontal circulation.

In addition, if the career collects the water polluted by the Nitrate S, Phosphate S or Waste water, or others Polluant S.
Enfin, certain careers were also used as site of contest of shooting, military training or site of Ball-trap which left after-effects of pollution by lead in particular.

When there is production of tiles or bricks glazed, of the dangerous chemicals for the environment can be used, and to some extent being present in smoke. The installation of enamels on the tile, before cooking was made a long time with the hand (by posing the still wet tile on a powder bed of enamels, generally by women considered to be more skilful for this operation.
La majority of the furnaces was never equipped with filters.

These factories used a long time coal and fuel not desulphured, transmitters of pollutants (mercury, sulfur contributing to the Acid rains, Poussière S, etc)

The residents of industrial tileries and/or their careers generally complain about the noise and the passage of the enormous trucks and their damage on the roads or ways, of the mud left by the trucks, and in summer of the dust generated along the axes of circulation or by the broken tiles which are generally used as floor covering. Concerning these impacts, one uses rather the word of Nuisance that of pollution.

History

The first tiles were moulded with the hand. Thanks to mechanization, their productivity passed in a few years of a few hundred kg oàu tons/day to tens to hundreds of tons (for a much lower number of employment).

Tileries were suffisemment important to have marked very many localities and toponyms, of which by exempel with bets, the district of Tileries, the Palais of Tileries and the Jardin of Tileries.

List important tileries (incomplete)

References

Random links: