Tibère (Latin: TIBERIVS•CAESAR•DIVI•AVGVSTI•FILIVS•AVGVSTVS), born in 42 av. J. - C. under the name of Tiberius Claudius Nero and died in 37 a. J. - C., is the second Roman Emperor.

Origins and adoptions

Wire of Livia Drusilla and Tiberius Néron, Tibère would have been born either in Fondi, or in Rome with the Palatin, 16 days before the calends of December (the December 17th -42). Its childhood is difficult because it follows his parents during their escapes to Naples, through Sicily and Achaïe and to the city of Lacédémone which is under the protection of Claudii. The senator M. Gallius having adopted it by will, Tibère collects his heritage but abstains from taking his name because the senator was party opposed to Auguste. Tibère is then adopted by his/her father-in-law Auguste who makes his heir to it.

Marriages

Tibère marries the girl of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Vipsania Agrippina. Whereas it is pregnant of César Drusus, Auguste obliges Tibère to repudiate it in 12 av. J. - C. to marry in second wedding Julie, the girl of Auguste. Particularly attached to Vipsania, Tibère initially refuses to satisfy Auguste. This one explains to him why in the absence of a divorce, a widowhood could accelerate the things.

In spite of the efforts of Tibère to love Julie, the death of their single child puts a term at their relation. Tibère and Julie make room with share. Following her adulteries, Julie is continued by Auguste which notifies the divorce in the name of Tibère.

Accession with the capacity

In the military capacity as powerful orator, Tibère makes his first weapons against Cantabres then led an army in the East, returns in Tigrane the throne of Arménie and takes again in Parthes the sign lost by Mr. Crassus. It controls then Gaulle Chevelue, fact of the wars (Rhétie, Vindélicie, Pannonia and Germanie). He traverses the course honorum - questeur, praetor, consul almost without interruption then finish by obtaining the power tribunician for five years.

Not wanting to make shade with Caius and Lucius, Tibère leaves Rome by leaving his wife and her son and joined Rhodos. It adopts a simple lifestyle there, without lictor nor usher. At the end of the five years, Tibère requires to return to Rome, which Auguste refuses, in spite of the insistence of Livia Drusilla. Two years after, Tibère is the subject of suspicions and sudden increasingly important threats. Those justify a new request for return to Rome, which is accepted.

Tibère settles in the gardens of Patron in Esquillies without taking share with the public office. Three years later, Lucius and Caius having died, Auguste adopts Mr. Agrippa and Tibère which itself is obliged to adopt Germanicus.

After the disgrace and the deportation of Mr. Agrippa, Tibère is only found in string for the capacity. It recovers again the power tribunician for five years and makes several wars. He concludes by restoring the order into Germanic, after the disaster of Varus. In 14 a. J. - C., the consuls establish a law making it possible Tibère to manage the provinces in.liaison.with Auguste. This one dies and less than one month after, the senate named Tibère emperor. It was 54 years old with died of this last. The emperor Auguste having died the September 14th of year 767 of Rome (14 a. J. - C.), Tibère was made give the Pontificat maxim only the following year, after a seven months interval.

Virtues and defects

Among its virtues, it had horror to waste the money in the luxury. Consequently, the Empire thrived and accumulated funds which then contributed to cleanse finances.

However, the defects of Tibère overrode its virtues. It was extremely suspicieux and hypocritical in its relations with the others, and under his reign one did not count any more the ordered murders (many his/her former friends were besides among the victims). It extended the range of the law of lese-majesty so that it punishes, in addition to the seditious acts, the simple defamatory words in its opposition. It becomes unpopular after the poisoning of its adoptive nephew and wire, very respected Germanicus in 19 a. J. - C., assassination that one suspects it of having financed in writing pad. Besides it will continue to persecute the woman and the children of Germanicus, family of which it undoubtedly feared the dynastic claims.

Tibère also encouraged the denouncement, so that the end of its reign was marked by terror.

In 23 a. J. - C., Drusus II, the son of Vipsania died poisoned by his wife Livilla and Séjan, the chief of the Praetorian Garde become the lover of Livilla.

Patient and used, it exiles starting from 27 on the island of Capri. Rome is then controlled by Séjan, the chief of the Praetorian Garde. The end of its reign is marked by the plots (execution of Séjan in 31 a. J. - C., repression of the opponents) and the dispute of the Sénat.

At the time of its death, Tibère was regarded as a tyrant. When he died, the Romans were delighted and the senate refused of the diviniser.

During its reign, Tibère was affublé many gibes.

At its military beginnings, its great passion for the wine made call it Biberius (for feeding-bottle) instead of Tiberius, Caldius (for hotter) instead of Claudius and Mero (for pure wine) instead of Nero. Lastly, by prepare displacements in the empire without never doing them, it was called Callippide, of the name of an actor who ran that and there, without never advancing.

Tibère dies the March 16th 37 a. J. - C.. Its nephew Caligula, third wire of Germanicus, seizes the power thereafter. Certain old sources, whose Tacit Suétone and , claims that Tibère was assassinated, choked by Caligula and/or its guard Macron, perhaps but he died of natural death. Uncertainty thus remains on this subject.

Names and titles

Successive names

• -42, born TIBERIVS•CLAVDIVS•NERO
• 4, adopted by Auguste: TIBERIVS•JVLIVS•CAESAR
• 14, reaches the capacity: TIBERIVS•CAESAR•AVGVSTVS

Titles and magistratures

• Consul in -13, -7, 18, 21, 31
• Acclaimed Imperator in -9, -8, -6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16
• Pontifex maximus starting from 15
• Holder of the power tribunician starting from -6 (conceded initially for five years until the June 25th year 1 then renewed then annually the June 26th)

Titulature with its death

When he dies in 37, Tibère holds the following titulature:

TIBERIVS•CAESAR•DIVI•AVGVSTI•FILIVS•AVGVSTVS, PONTIFEX•MAXIMVS, TRIBVNICIAE•POTESTATIS•XXXVIII, IMPERATOR•VIII, CONSVL•V

Currency

Oderint, dum probent : “That they hate me provided that they approve me. ”

External bonds

• Shortened Roman History, Tibère
• Roman Emperors

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