The thymine is a nitrogenized Base (bases pyrimidic). One finds it in the form of nucleotide: in the DNA it is the désoxythymidine monophosphate , and in the ARN the thymidine monophosphate . The thymine is paired with the Adénine in the DNA (it does not exist in the ARN where it is replaced by the Uracile).
The thymine is 5-méthyluracile.
the thymine is a compound essential with the alive one. One finds everywhere this Molécule in the body, only or arranged with several other different molecules, thus playing several parts.
Definition
The thymine is also a nitrogenized Base entering the constitution of the Nucléotide S, components basic (or Monomère S) of the nucleic acid .
Prebiotic origin
It was proven that the thymine could, under certain conditions, to conceive starting from five molecules of hydrocyanic acid of empirical formula HCN. Indeed, of the experiments of prebiotic biochemistry show that hydrocyanic acid in the liquid state spontaneously will allow the appearance of a negligible quantity of thymine.
Dimers of thymine
Under the effect of not-ionizing radiations, the thymine (just like cytosine) can form a covalent Dimère. A Dimère consists of two adjacent bases which, on the same bit of DNA, make a double connection. A double covalent bond prevents DNA polymerase from carrying out the replication of the cell. Generally cellular death or cancer is followed from there when not repaired by the enzymes. The Xeroderma pigmentosum is in particular caused by this genetic disordered state.
Utilities
the thymine is a compound which has several utilities . During the evolution, it seems that the thymine was a compound “appreciated” by the living organisms from its effectiveness. It thus proves that during the diversification of the immense quantity of chemical reactions being held in the living organisms, the thymine was found to play several key parts. Here thus the principal compounds in which the thymine takes share.
Nucleotide
The thymine enters the composition of the Nucléotide S. The latter are inter alia the Monomère S, or raw materials, of the nucleic acid . The nucleotide containing of the thymine and that one finds in the DNA names Désoxythyminosine monophosphate while that composing ARN names Thyminosine monophosphate.In nucleotides, the thymine binds to a Pentose, it (Désoxyribose in the case of the DNA or Ribose in the case of the ARN) which itself binds to a grouping phosphates in position 5 of sugar. In these Nucleotide S, the thymine is called the nitrogenized Base and it determines the characteristics specific to nucleotide. They are not hydrophobic contrary to the substituted nitrogenized bases.
Other nitrogenized bases
- Of the family of the Purin S:
-
Of the family of the Pyrimidin S:
Sources
Simple: Thymine
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