Threshing-machine

A threshing-machine is a farming machine being used for to beat the Céréale S to separate the grain from the Paille and the ball. This operation carried out during millenia manually, using Plague X, or with the assistance of animals, was a true drudgery requiring much time and effort.

History

The principle of mechanical beating was invented in 1784 by a Scottish engineer , Andrew Meikle. It allowed an enormous progress of productivity in agriculture. It is American Cyrus McCormick who obtained the patent of the mechanical reaping-machine, in 1834. Another American, Hiram Moore obtained the patent of the Moissonneuse-batteuse the same year. In 1866, Célestin Gerard builds the first mobile threshing-machine of France. Always in France André_Grusenmeyer improves the threshing-machine.

Description

The principal body of the threshing-machine is consisted the cylindrical beater turning, surrounded by a fixed grid, the against-beater. Harvest is committed between the two parts and under the effect of the movement, the ears are broken and the grains as well as part of remains, balls and dust, pass through the contrebattor. The number of revolutions of the beater as well as the spacing between beater and against-beater are regulated according to the state and of the characteristics of harvest.

The straw after having crossed the beater passes on shakers which make it possible to recover the grains still mixed with the straw, which pass through a screen and join those recovered by the beater. The mixture of grains and balls is then subjected to operations of cleaning: sifting, winnowing, then an elevator goes up the grains cleaned to the top of the machine before they undergo the second cleaning and to pass to bagging.

In general, the threshing-machine which is at fixed telephone, is actuated by means of pulleys and belts by a steam engine or a farm tractor. This system forces to gather the harvest, previously put in sheaves then out of grinding stones, in only one point, generally near to the farm.

The combine harvester carries out simultaneously the harvest and beating and almost completely replaced the threshing-machine in the industrialized countries. The principle of beating is however always the same one. The combine harvester by removing all intermediate handling generated an important productivity gain again.

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