The three-dimensional Radar with electronic sweeping (phased-array radar in English) is a Radar which uses an antenna formed of a very great number of openings of tubes of waveguides on a plane surface: a Antenna network with ordering of phase .

Principle

The Déphasage of the emission between each opening makes it possible electronically to recreate a directional owner similar to a parabolic Aerial. By varying dephasing, one changes the probed direction and one can thus sweep according to the vertical and the horizontal one without having to make move the antenna.

This sweeping three-dimensional, electronic, can thus be done much more quickly than with a mechanical system, which explains its development for naval and air defense. Several buildings of the national marines use it as element of the systems of continuation of the very mobile targets like the air-to-ground missiles. The radar opposite is in Alaska and fact part of the American system of defense anti transcontinental Missile S ballistics. The whole of this network will be modernized by using this type of antennas.

Research

Since 2003, a three-dimensional radar with electronic sweeping, bought United States Navy by the service weather of NOAA, is put at the test to see the utility of this concept in detection of precipitations.

The advantage of this type of antenna would be to obtain a survey of the atmosphere in a time much faster than with a conventional antenna, making it possible to see the evolution of the Orage S with a largely higher temporal resolution. As the latter can change characteristics very quickly and give violent time, the hope is capacity to better anticipate the release of the phenomena violent one (Tornade, Grêle, torrential Pluie and downward gusts) and thus to improve the weather notices of alarms.

It is estimated that it will be necessary from 10 to 15 years to supplement research and to make the plans to build a new generation of weather radars using this principle. The estimated cost of this experiment is of 25 million USD.

References

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