../. | | 3rd front millenium J. - C. | III | ../. | | | | | | | | List of the millenia | List of the centuries ---- The 3rd front millenium J. - C. covers the period going the year -3000 at the year -2001 included.

Events

Americas

• In Alaska, beginnings of the culture of the Aléoutes: tools on stone plates, harpoons, ceramics and lamps out of stone. Abundant organic vestiges. Primarily maritime economy: drive out sea lions, otters, whales, seals; fish and collects shells.
• Towards - 2.800, in Amazonia, appearance of village groupings exerting the Horticulture.
• Towards - 2.600, on the central coast of the Peru, construction vast pertaining to worship and religious complexes in the form of terraces and of temples.
• Towards - 2.500, in all the South America:
• the selection and the hybridization of cereals and in particular of corn, allow great improvements of the production, authorizing a growth of the population and the appearance of important permanent villages.
• most of the population can be devoted to the craft industry and one attends technological innovations in weaving (weaving loom), in the polished manufacture of stone tools and the irrigation.
• the trade of long distance develops, and of the valuable articles are realized to be sold in all the continent. Some are found in rich person burials.
• Towards - 2.300: beginnings of the Ceramic in Central America.

Oceania

• Towards -3000:
• In the island of Timor (current Indonesia), beginning of the introduction of the Ceramic and the domestication of the Pig, testimony of the transition from the communities towards the sedentarisation, around the arable lands where are cultivated tubers, cereals, Igname S and Riz.
• Beginning of the colonization of the Mélanésie by Indonésiens (until worms - 2.000).
• New types of tool with handle in Australia and introduction of the Nutcase, probably from Southeast Asia. The burial and the cremation are more practiced. Rupestral art is spread.

Asia

• Towards -3000:
• In China, beginning of the use of the Plowshare in agriculture (area of Hangzhou).
• In Korea, late introduction of the Corn into agriculture, coming from China.
• Towards -2700:
• In China, appearance of the first techniques of the weaving of the Silk and the first objects in Bronze.
• the peninsula Malaise starts to be inhabited.
• Towards -2500:
• Beginning of the introduction of ceramics into all the islands of the Southeast Asia. Its arrival is concomittante with that of exogenic pets, and marks the development of the permanent installations of farming population to the detriment of the populations of hunters-gatherers.
• the metallurgy of the Bronze extends in all the South-East Asia .
• Construction of establishments strengthened with Longshan in China and Ceramic production of S made with the potter's wheel.

Indian sub-continent

• the first civilizations settle in the valley of the Indus.
• Establishment of the sea routes between the Indus and the Persian Gulf, with the discovery of the facilities of the mode of the Monsoon.

• Towards -3000, the people of Ceylon use the cinnamone.

• Towards -2700, development of the technique of the furrow in agriculture by the Age of the valley of Indus.
• Towards -2600, in the valley of the Indus, use of the plow (Kalibangan).
• Towards -2500, in the valley of Indus.
• Development of urban civilization with important cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, surrounded by defensive cooked brick walls.
• pictographic Writing, used on the seals.
• the first found cotton clothing with Mohenjo-daro.

Africa

• Dating of a tomb containing of the terra cotta statues, the epitaphs and the old bronze jewels of 1500 to 3000 years (Discovery made close to Yipkabongo, in the north of current the Ghana, by Dutch archeologists (08/1984)).

• Début of the Egyptian Ancient Empire which will last from -3000 to -2100 front J. - C. Memphis is the capital of the Pharaon S. the first Pyramide S are built, and the Egyptians make the conquest of the Nubie and the the Sinai.

the Middle East

• This millenium is for the Palestine, that of civilization cananéenne. By the exchanges with Egypt, the area develops and grows rich, and specializes in the trade of ceramics and of many constructions are born. Many cananéennes cities develop and are strengthened.

• Towards -3000:

• First inhabitants of Palestine, called Country of Canaan. Cananéens begin sédentariser and to found cities, with in particular Jerusalem. Egyptian texts of exécrations mention the city under the name of Rushulimum as of.
• in Anatolia, beginning of the use of the Wool of the Ovine .
• the Sumériens use the Girofle Moluques.
• First writings hiéroglyphes in Egypt.
• Towards -2700, in Egypt:
• Beginning of the Old empire.
• Development of the technique of the ploughing in attested by the drawings in the tombs of this time.
• Towards -2650, in Egypt, construction of the first Pyramid to degrees of the king Djéser with Saqqarah.
• Towards -2600, in Egypt, construction of the Pyramid of Meïdoum, first true pyramid.
• Towards -2530, in Egypt, construction of large the Pyramid of Khéops to Gizeh
• Towards -2500,
• In Mésopotamie southernmost, the first known beer receipt is found on a clay shelf.
• Emergence of city-States in Mésopotamie and with Raising, each one of them dominated by a vast complex palatial.
• First syllabic writing in literature sumérienne, found with Abu Salabikh.
• royal Tombs sumériennes with Ur, in which were found furniture, many objects imported or of local manufacture, as well as servants and sacrificed maidservants.
• Use of tanks of war with four wheels in Mésopotamie.
• In the Saharan area, drying growing is felt.
• Towards -2300, Sargon d' Akkad unifies the city-States of Mésopotamie, and forms a first empire.
• Towards -2150, falls of the Old Egyptian empire.
• Towards -2100:
• the existence of the city cananéenne of Jerusalem, called Ourousalim is attested in writings dating from year -2000 before J. - C.
• This century was for the Egyptians, one period of decline, known under the intermediate term of first period, towards -2040, establishment of the Average Egyptian empire.

Europe

• Towards -3000, in southernmost Europe, construction of strengthened citadels and development of an important industry of metal.
• civilization Mégalithe is spread in the Languedoc and the Provence.
• Alignments megalithic of Carnac, in Morbihan.
• Towards -2900, apparaition of the cultures of twisted ceramics in Northern Europe.
• Towards -2800:
• Beginning of blooming on the island of Crete of large the Minoan Civilization, which will set up by successive stages, until the year -1150, of the palate-cities, the such famous palatiaux whole of Cnossos, Phaistos, Malia and Zakros.
• the painters and the potters pushed their art until an high degree of refinement. The Crete is then a paradisiac island, with fertile grounds and mountains, and high plateaus. The people of the Minoans were peaceful but powerful.
• Towards -2500, in Western Europe, age of the campaniform vases, often associated with individual burials also closing again copper scraping-knives.
• Towards -2300, beginning of the full period of the Bronze Age.
• Towards -2100, Beginning of the construction of the structure out of drawn up stones of Stonehenge (site megalithic) in current Wessex in England.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

• Agriculture: plowshare (- 3000, China), wool of the sheep (- 3000, Anatolia), pig (- 3000, Timor), ploughing (- 2700, Egypt), furrow (- 2700, Valley of Indus), plow (- 2600, valley of Indus), beer (- 2500, Mésopotamie)
• Industry: weaving of silk (- 2700, China), ceramics (- 2500, islands of the Southeast Asia), first artisanal productions in Glass (the Middle East, Egypt).
• Writing: invention of the papyrus towards 3000 av. J. - C.; invention of the Ink towards 2500 av. J. - C.
• Medicine: discovered Phytotherapy by Sumériens towards 3000 av. J. - C..
• Navigation: invention of the anchors by Chinese and Egyptian sailors.
• Company: Jerusalem (- 3000, Palestine), Minoan civilization (- 2800, Peak), first pyramid (- 2650, Egypt), vases campaniform (- 2500, Western Europe), defensive brick walls, pictographic writing (- 2500, valley of Indus), Stonehenge (- 2100, England),

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