Thought - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Others let us définitons

By extension, the thought indicates the Idée S of a making group of people causes common around those.
the term thought associated with qualifying adjective indicates a Style Raisonnement of a group of Notable in their Domaine.
the thought is a flower symbolically associated with the thought. Pensée is then synonymous with Violette .

The human thought according to the assumption materialist

First of all to include/understand the materialist point of view of of this thesis lira the article Materialism and to supplement this one by the article Conscience.

All that is known as in this thesis is done with the precautions of uses of the scientists, the assertions are to avoid the conditional ones alambiqués.

Basic postulate

The mechanisms of the thought appear to us only through the “feelings” (coloured, sound, gustatory, olfactive, somesthesic, kinesthetic.). No phenomenon appears to us out of the feelings.

Warning statement

One is obliged to simply define the thought at an human being to use fuzzy formulations which are appropriate badly. For example if it is said that the thought is the whole of the phenomena which occur in our body and of which we are conscious, that seems to make conscience a process which does not belong to the thought, but it forms part of it. If it is also said that the thought manages the feelings, it is to also create a duality which does not exist, and that seems to exclude the feelings from the thought, which is not the case either. The best way of studying the thought is to try to describe all its components and their relations, but without opposing the term “thought” of its components in description, while saying for example that “the thought is the result of the composition of the functions W, X, Y, Z, etc”. The thought is a generic term, it is a concept invented by the human ones before they include/understand about the mechanisms of them. And it is not yet completely the case, but research advances… See also Separability.

Components of the thought

It is necessary for all to name all these components. One will quote most important, i.e. the most recognized, and most general in a random order: perception, proprioception, feeling, memory, classification, conscience, training, evocation, significance, language, emotion, unconscious, motor activity. (The list is not exhaustive.)

See the articles Memory, Classification, Conscience, Training, Language

Perception

All the animals, and of course the men, perceive by the interactions which occur between the outside world and the body. There is no direct knowledge of the outside world, any master key by these interactions.

The Perception should not be confused with the feeling caused by the activities of perception.

Proprioception

It is about a particular perception of our body by him even. Sensors have their modified state when our muscles are activated, and by correlations with our other perceptions we learn how to locate the elements of our body the ones compared to the others. This proprioception is in continuous activity. It is of this fact an important component of the constant rebuilding of the mental object “Oneself”.

The proprioception should not be confused with the feeling caused by the proprioceptrices activities. It would be necessary to speak about feeling of the proprioception.

Feeling

It is the result Subjectif Perception S, due to the translation by the body of what is perceived in phenomena of which we can be Conscient S. We are not conscious that feelings. There is no proof that a human being has the same feelings as another. We suppose it only by Consensus.

Some elements which let suppose that the feelings are not inaccessible to our comprehension, and bases of research: Not to suppose, a priori, that it is impossible to include/understand anything, and thus feelings.

The feelings seem not to depend the ones on the others, though they are often correlated (a deaf person of birth perceives coloured feelings).

Our relations with the world are interactive.

At an individual the feelings differ according to the procedure from the “seizure” from the outside world (the vision differs from the sound, etc).

The feelings are thus the result of complex interactions in the Cerveau, according to complex processes. Sometimes one seeks to model these processes by algorithm S. the assumption materialist tends to seek " mécanismes".

The feelings are errors of representation of the real-world. They do not describe reality.

We feel by the system “sensors/neural networks/muscles” of which the structure is not similar to the representation of the world which from of deduced.

The coloured feelings depend on the types of receivers and the quantity of received light, and probably on the optical muscular system.

The nuances of colors, in spite of only 4 types of receivers, imply the summation, therefore the use of the neural networks. The white results from a summation. What confirms that the coloured feeling passes by the neural networks.

Which difference is there between the coloured feeling and the optical feeling of movement? The movement seems to apply directly to the other types of perception, but not the color. The retinal feeling of movement is correlated with the muscular optical system of movement. The coloured feeling does not seem to need training, i.e. of correlation with other types of perception. However the relationship to the retinal feeling of movement is obligatory, since they leave both the retina.

The recognition of the colors depends on the trainings, it is strongly correlated with the denomination. Could the feelings be primary education trainings?

Does the feeling utilize the memory in the short run? When I listen to music, I always at the head have the impression to have one or two seconds of what I have just heard. As if I at the head had a “segment” of music, a musical lizard constantly renewing his head and to lose its tail. That resembles visual remanence.

“ possible Explanations of the source of the feelings”

The feelings could be due to the differences between the structures of real space and the mental universe.

They could be also the result of the interface between these two worlds, the mental one and reality (on the level of the mental objects).

Since all is interactive the feelings are perhaps anything else only the interactions between our body (constant motor activities) and the outside world (on the level of perception).

Or even, the result of the recursive activity continues since our birth until our death, with constant amplification of the details of our mental universe.

Memory

The memory is the storage of a Information in the form of network of Neuron S. information cannot exist alone so that there is memory. For that information must refer to another standard information in the same way than it. The memory requires to be stored a structure malleable at the beginning, and more or less rigid after storage in order to allow the evolution or not. Without evolution there is no complex memory, without rigidity it is no reliability. That means that throughout our life we require for malleability, and that if this malleability is present we can learn.

All requires the memory: Simple information, like a color, a form or a sound, with information complexes, like a gesture, an action or an event which implement the duration. The memory is also necessary to store the various forms of data processing, until most complex of the human “thought”.

The human and animal memory is not like the memory of a computer, being able for example to circulate of the hard drive towards the random access memory. I.e. it does not forward a zone of the brain towards another. It is only activated or not, and with this fact it is reinforced or not. The advantage of this principle is the speed of execution although the nerve impulse circulates a million to ten million times less quickly than the electron.

The long-term memory is a reinforced storage of the mental objects. (See mental objects low.)

The short-term memory is the provisional use that the mental object “Oneself” makes long-term memory.

Classification

Our Cerveau class naturally what comes from outside, the perceived objects, the action S and the event S, as well as the proper activities of our body.

mental Objects: We perceive objects coming from outside. Our Nervous system class by reinforcement. Already perceived information is not stored again, but the network of neurons which represents it is simply reinforced. The nervous system extracts the object from the bottom of the total mental field by a kind of intersection mathematical. The objects perceived under different conditions are virtually identical to themselves whereas the bottom changes, therefore the networks which relate to them are reinforced, whereas the remainder which differs it is not.

“Oneself” is the most important object of our mental universe and which is set up according to the same principle. All that is stored in the nervous system has the same structure, and thus one can give the generic term of mental object to the circuits of neurons which are reinforced, therefore being able to be regarded as memory, as well of the colors or the forms as actions or events, or even our own automatisms, or evocations, and even our emotions. (For more precision on the mental objects to see the Wikipédia article “Conscience”).

Conscience

The conscience is the provisional relation which is established between “Oneself” and a mental object. It is nothing more than one prolonged focusing intern between “Oneself” and this other object whatever it is, which can be part of “Oneself besides”. It is a beginning of integration with “Oneself” of this object. (For more precision to see the Wikipédia article “Conscience”).

Training

This term has a very strong social connotation. But it is nothing more than the use which all the processes of the memory allow quoted above.

To carry out a action, we must remember the preceding gesture and simultaneously to remember us the goal to reach. What utilizes the short-term memory.

An important component is the training by auto-contrainte (or car-control): c.a.d. that we can use our body only according to tolerances of operation, and that the minimal and maximum amplitudes are recorded at the time or let us achieve we them (muscles, articulations, visions, etc). As our tolerances of operation vary during the life, the trainings are often erroneous and require to be reactualized, in more or less.

One of the principal characteristics of the human being is the capacity to learn how to learn. This faculty is not innate, it is also a Apprentissage. It comes from the Langage (acquired) which perhaps regarded as a Phénomène quasi disjoins in the Nervous system by these significances (see this lower term), and making it possible in advance to describe the future gesture. That requires the maintenance of the words describing the future action, or their significances, in the short-term storage area, until the action sticks to the Mot S, and which the words become only one description about it. When the action passes the words could always be repeated and be used again with another standard action in the same way.

To describe an action by a word (a verb) is a training. To make the reverse which is to achieve the action after having described it by a word is an identical training. Both are mental objects. The marked word comes from an action, phonation, as well as the action which it describes. It does not have there more difficulty in learn in a direction than in the other. Both are learned by creating intersections so that the mental objects are distinguished as well as possible from the bottom which parasitize them. Then it is a question of binding them in a direction or the other (see low “language”).

The “Volonté” is a training of this type. It is a question of leading an action until its term. The accomplished will is the equivalent of a car-prediction.

Evocation

All personal Idea, produced in-house and having a direction or not, is the product of an evocation, and thus the by-product of a Perception. An evocation is the integration of the Représentation of a mental object to the field of perception from which it is resulting. What gives him its incomplete aspect but which one can locate the perceptive origin. One can suppose that there must be mixed objects among the evocations, of which it is difficult to say the perceptive origin, but which leaves a relatively coherent impression.

When the nervous system produces its own more or less inopportune activities, that can cause Acouphène S, tics, Hallucination S, etc And they are also evocations.

Significance

A mental object cannot be dissociated of its significances. Its significances are him, like are its color, or its form.

But the object is not made up that of its aspects visual and tactile, there are also all the other concerned directions, from which the resulting elements cannot be extracted the object as if they did not form part of it. The same applies to all the other aspects of the object, like its name, its utility and its context. In fact all that gives its significance to the object. This object also consists of its own dimensions which themselves are related to the distance from the object compared to me which perceives it, dimensions and distances mentally apprehended.

The significance of a object is the whole of the correlations which constitute it. In fact one should speak about the total significance of the object, but it is to better speak about mental object being all that simultaneously. That will not prevent each component of the object (various elements it relating to, color or form for example) from being able to also belong to another object. The object without significance cannot exist. And that implies its relation with “Oneself”.

As for the object “Oneself” it cannot exist without mental universe, i.e. without provisional object with which it coexists. All our mental field is opened, with the information started by signals coming from all perceptions as well as internal signals. I can be conscious of this total mental field, I can be conscious of a negligible detail of this field. I pass from the one to the other without problem. The total mental field can be regarded as a mental object composed of billion elements. The difference between “Oneself” and the other objects are the great stability of “Oneself” compared to the constant changes of our mental universe which these other objects form.

Language

The language took model on the universe

The perceived Universe is the model of the Langage (Hiéroglyphes - Ideograms). One needs correlations between the various types of Perception S so that the Langage can be established, and of course with the phonatory capacity. The language had to be initiated by naming the objects making of the noise. I.e. by imitating the noise made by the object. It is a relation which is established between several types of Perception S which are collected simultaneously or consecutively. The human ones also inopportunely manufacture sounds, whose childish prattlings are the precursors. The onomatopoeias had initially to be used to nominate the persons who pronounced them, by association between the Image and the its (mainly).

No the circulation of words in the brain

The Langage is a human code between S, an organized system, but better not organized than the outside world. This organization is found directly in the Perception. It is not useful that the mental objects are mobile in the Nervous system, it is enough to realize some to consider the position of two trees when we observe them from two opposite points of view. The two trees changed place on our “mental screen” without we having to provide a mental effort to reverse their position one compared to the other. The two trees are mental objects. If a word were engraved on each trunk, the words would have changed place with the trees and we would have a new significance thus since the provision of the words was reversed (Exp.: Complexity of relativity, and relativity of complexity). What is the beginning of the construction of a sentence. What is made with two trees can the being with more reduced objects and in greater quantity. Nature is at the same time ordered and disordered, one finds this principle in the sentences.

Birth of the mental object “phoneme”

When a child chatters it connects Phonème S without tail nor head, but they are valid phonemes. Since he speaks, he intends himself to speak. And this listening of oneself causes necessarily connections between the system of phonation and Audition. The marked phoneme is related to the heard phoneme. It is enough that the newborn does not repeat the phonemes in the same order, so that the phonemes are extracted from the background music (prattling and environment) by intersection, as one saw for all the mental objects. The Phonème S are thus the basic mental objects of the human language (and animal when it can produce some).

The thought in the form of words

The Langage is a primarily muscular phenomenon, it is an action, phonation. The charged thought (a French thinks in French - this is not shown) was installation because we intend ourselves to speak, perception. The thought words are mental objects of which the nervous structure comes from the correlations between phonation, hearing, and the proprioception. (See article “Conscience”). Procedism and the thought the definition of procedism: > > The procedism consists in saving the sorrow of the thought, and especially > observation, to rely on an invoice or a formula > determined care to produce an effect itself single, diagrammatic and > conventional: thus one produces quickly, with appearances of one > style, and by avoiding criticisms that resemblances to the life > would facilitate. > I hear, initially, that the initial direction conferred on the procedism, like > heard the doctor psychiatrist quoted in the article which serves as > preamble (and driving bolt) with second proclamation of surrealism, were not too > restricted that what the posterity held for him, namely, a process > exclusively stylistic. At the very least, it is reasonable to think > that. > Then, owing to the fact that the word fell into disuse, if it does not have all > simply ever acquired a sufficient radiation so that a direction > specific > is conferred to him, it preserves a considerable semantic malleability. > Because the words indicate certain things and not others according to their > use, the renewed use of the word, to indicate a connected reality, > would be sufficient to confer a new meaning, related to him, > but original, at least, exceeding strict stylistics. > > The image of a machine with roll -- not very charming it is > truth, but effective --, of a machine with intellectual roll, therefore, crushing > any question at the entry to propose at the exit one > show > of analysis splitting the whole in some convenient categories. > > It would be necessary that I go back there, but I spontaneously thought with > legitimation > by the procedure, of Niklas Luhmann. Dr. OF CLÉRAMBAULT: I request from Mr. Professor Janet which bond it > establishes > between the mental state of the subjects and the characters of their production. > > Mr. P. SANET: The proclamation of surrealist includes/understands an introduction > philosophical interesting. The surrealist ones support that reality > is > ugly by definition; the beauty exists only in what is not real. > It is the man who introduced the beauty into the world. To produce > beautiful, it is necessary to deviate as much as possible from reality. > Dr. OF CLÉRAMBAULT: The artists excessivists who launch modes > impertinent, sometimes using proclamations condemning all them > traditions, appear to me, from the “technical” point of view, some names > that they > were given (and whatever art and the time considered), > to be able > to be described all as “Procédistes”. Procédisme consists in being saved > > sorrow of the thought, and especially of the observation, to rely on > a given invoice or a formula of the care to produce an effect > itself > single, diagrammatic and conventional: thus one produces quickly, with > appearances of a style, and by avoiding criticisms that resemblances > with the life would facilitate. This degradation of work is especially > easy > to detect on the ground of the visual arts; but in the verbal field, > it can be shown just as easily. > > The kind of proud idleness which generates or which supports it > Procedism > is not special at our time. In XVIe century, Concettistes, > Gongorists and Euphuistes; at the XVIIe century, the Invaluable ones were of > Procedists. Vadius and Trissotin were of Procédistes, only > Procedists much more moderate and hard that those of today, > perhaps because they wrote for a selected public and more > scholar. > > In the plastic ranges, rise da Procédisme seems to date only from > last century. LINGUISTICS procedist example On umbrella, one forms métapluie; and one sees a getting apparatus there, on the contrary, a beneficial heavy shower with the user.

“Procédiste” writes Gaëtan Gatien De Clérambault. Traditional psychiatry would say rather “litigious” or quérulent litigious. However, if it is true that Breton had to face several times of the legal procedures, it were generally to defend oneself, http://www.psy-desir.com/biblio/spip.php?article78 The psychiatric novel of André Breton Disappeared bond (www.eg-psychiatrie.com/article.php3? id_article=320) Michel Thuilleaux, honorary Psychiatrist Hospital practitioner - 64100 Bayonne

Significance of the words

The word is generally a mental object in general associated with other mental objects of visual type. The word takes its significance by the whole of the elements with which it is correlated. The word belongs to the significance of the unit. The total significance of a word or any mental object utilizes the whole of knowledge of the individual. To highlight it is enough to develop thoroughly any word, and it will be noticed that all the subjects whatever they are will necessarily recut (principle of the dictionary, and obviousness of the total interconnection of the nervous system.)

Comprehension

Comprehension is personal, subjective, it is an impression of comprehension. There is no comprehension in the absolute. Comprehension utilizes the significances which are our own mental objects acquired by our trainings. It establishes connections between various significances. Comprehension is like an emotion, which is when it is not active? Nothing, if it is not a diagram mémoriel of neural networks. And what comprehension activates if not an answer by a particular physical status of the individual who includes/understands. Comprehension is a training subjective, slow, continuous, which does not leave a precise trace because of slowness and continuity. One is not aware of all the mechanisms which appear during this impression of comprehension, but they exist. Multiple connections are established, chemistry is active, and the body feels some, homeostasis is maintained appreciably.

the two basic principles of the association of the neurons are simultaneity and successiveness:

The words and the sentences result from a linear perception, contrary to the visual image which is total. The image is reinforced by repetition in the successive present of the simultaneous connection of the whole of the elements which constitutes it. It is the simultaneity of the connections between all the elements of the image which makes a coherent image. The word or the sentence is reinforced linearly. A sound word, even less one sentence, does not exist in this absolute, only in the mental present. Each element which constitutes them is associated with the precedent, it is a connection which is established by successiveness. The connection of the elements of the words and sentences not only successive, but is directed. For example one cannot sing an air of music to back (words and air), and one can with difficulty without training also say the alphabet to back. The words and the sentences are memorized like actions, i.e. in the duration. The significance of a sentence seems to us instantaneous, while at the same time the sentence is linear. For the nervous system all the networks are in the same way standard, only their use differs.

obscure Conclusion but just: Before being expressed, the sentence is had a presentiment of with the general significance of the object, which is the object itself of which the sentence forms part.

Origin of syntax

The five rules of the thought necessary and sufficient to found the language are present naturally, it are:

*l' appearance,

*la disappearance,

*la repetition,

*la relation,

*la summation.

the explanations of these five rules are the following ones:

1st rule: the appearance is the arrival of a signal on a sensor, or overall the perception of an object in the field of vision.

2nd rule: disappearance is the removal of the signal on the sensor or the disappearance of the object of the field of vision.

3rd rule: the repetition of the signal or that of the object in the field of vision appears constantly, for example at the time of the fast blinking of the eyelids, or simply when we fix a few seconds the same object. The object always present in the field of vision starts same information. This repetition can be done according to different intervals, lower than the second, or higher than the day, and all the intermediaries. This rule appears in the rigorous order in which the phenomena occur. A tree, a flower, push always in the same way, the days are repeated with the identical one. Our own behavior is regulated perfectly. There exists an order in the universe, and this universe being in our brain, the order itself in fact part also, and must be conceptualized being given its constant repetition, therefore becomes a mental object.

4th rule: the relation is undoubtedly the basic rule of the concept. Neurons, close relations or separated, activated simultaneously or activated in a relatively short amount of time, are connected.

This 4th rule makes it possible to put in relation objects or events which do not have the same origin, or of the different types of perception. For example, a car is characterized by its image, the noise which it produces, gasoline odor, the feeling of the wheel under the hands, vibrations during control, etc All this information coming from different sources is however bound, and owes the being upon the departure so that synchronization is carried out. This need is found in the simple vision of an object which allows that all the information collected for the representation of the object is connected the ones to the others.

Note:: the brain makes the same kind of correlations between the data of the two eyes as for the data relating to only one eye, it connects the data of the two images of the object and preserves the impression of unit for the object on which we focus. It is enough to press slightly on an ocular sphere to see the object duplicating itself. What confirms that information coming from the musculature of the eye intervenes in the meeting of the two images.

5th rule: the summation is found in the detection of the movement. The movement is recognized by certain neurons of the cerebral cortex which is able to detect the direction of displacement carried out. The movement is detected by the passage of the same signal towards contiguous sensors, it is the summation of information coming from several sensors which makes it possible the brain to detect the movement (moved). It is also the summation which makes it possible to create the nuances of colors.

The word as the sentence are subject to the five rules which are enough to describe them: A word, like a sentence, has a beginning and an end, which correspond to the appearance and disappearance. The appearance makes it possible to state a word or a sentence differently than by its normal beginning. Disappearance also makes it possible to truncate a word or a sentence. In a word we can find identical phonemes, it is the repetition, which we also find in a sentence by the reiteration of words. In a word all the phonemes are connected to preserve the unit of the mot. In a sentence all the words are in relation to preserve the unit of the sentence. The movement makes it possible for example to move a phoneme of a place of the word towards another, and in a sentence to move a word, with an aim of changing or not its significance. In a more general way the Summation makes it possible to gather phonemes or words in an unspecified way.

It is not necessary to make complex calculations or experiments to highlight these rules. They are directly visible, really visible, in our field of vision, therefore are present in our nervous system in the form of mental objects: It is enough to blink eyes and the objects appear and disappear at will in our field of vision, therefore in our “mental field”. It is enough to look at a tree to perceive the repetition in the shape of sheets, and to wait twenty-four hours to see repeating the movement of the sun. The relation also appears on the trees by the connection of the sheets to the branches. It appears by the relations of causes for purposes, when the appearance of a cloud hides the sun or when he announces the rain.

The movement is that of the animals, of our companions, that caused by the wind, or simply that of our own hand.

The summation, these is two clouds which are assembled, a bud which appears at the end of a branch, a bee which is posed on a flower, etc

The language belongs to the mental field, it was necessarily born from these 5 basic rules. These rules are in fact only the mental tools which we could use thoroughly.

Syntax related to the culture

The syntax of a sentence is a training related to the culture of the place and moment. The interest of this training is that it is due has a constraint seemingly not physics. The prattling of the child is organized by the adult, who reinforces the connection between the phonemes which must be associated to forge the words. The sentences are organized according to the same principle. The training of the language is slow, because the teachers (parents) do not know in general the principle of intersection. The foreign languages are badly taught because they are it like synonyms of the maternal language, which they are not.

All the words of the syntax of a language can be classified according to their membership, for example: verbs, common nouns, adjectives. Each group has characteristics which makes it possible the nervous system to classify the elements according to the principle of intersection.

Emotion

The muscular demonstrations, like the escape, the aggression, the laughter, the tears, the tremors, etc, cause by their repetition, a reinforcement of the nervous circuits concerned, which bind because activated simultaneously. And these circuits are the equivalent of mental objects which when they are evoked in a more or less complete way represent the emotions. The emotion is thus an evocation of muscular demonstrations, and as any mental object has an intrinsic significance been dependant on the elements which constitute it. The muscular demonstrations at the origin of the emotion are related to a context which belong to the significances of the emotion when the principle of intersection is observed. When an emotion is evoked it can in general start the memory which is dependant for him, most extremely or most recent. A good memory is in general often evoked “voluntarily”, a bad memory often appears him “involuntarily”. Both are reinforced by the repetition. The dependant emotion is evoked with the memory. The fact that the emotions are stereotyped come from feedback caused by the evocations, to end up becoming the idiosyncrasies of the individual. The inneity is not necessary, but the basic tools are present.

The human ones have a great training of the muscular control which in general enables them to inhibit the motor activity related to the emotion. This training is certainly associated with that of the verbal control founded at the time of the training of the language, of which it is the principal characteristic.

Unconscious

The conscience is a linear phenomenon which is fixed on only one mental object and in the duration. It is not really a restriction when one knows the extent which can have a mental object. But that leaves a very great place to the unconscious one. The unconscious one, it is thus all that is not conscious, but which is active. That cannot be the activity of a simple cell which is by alive nature. The unconscious one can take at least two forms: that of the activation of a mental object not subjected to the conscience, but also the activation of nervous circuit formed by chance. In both cases they will have an impact on the general behavior because of homeostasis necessary. I.e. the nervous center of gravity (“Oneself”) must be readjusted, even when activation is inopportune, or disordered.

Motor activity

Why quote the motor activities in the thought? For several reasons: First of all, one saw higher than they intervened directly in the emotional system. Then, the muscles can be regarded as belonging to a loop motor bike-neurons, muscles, proprioception. And starting from this point of view why not continue by admitting that the whole body made up of cells, not very different from the neurons if it is not in their morphology, fact part of this general mechanism which is the thought. Because which difference is there between the system of proprioception of my hand which informs me about its position and the visual system which does as much of it. Moreover in fact the correlations between the two, associated with the touch allowed the first trainings of the baby at the distances.

Conclusion

To summarize, the thought would be the result of the use of all the elements allowing the management of the general mental field, of which those described above mainly.

The general mental field is consisted of the fields coming from the various types of feelings (visual, sound, etc), as well as evocations. After perception, the nerve impulse “awakes” the network of neurons representing the mental object, which is integrated in the mental field corresponding, as soon as the connection with “Oneself” is established. It is never an object at the same time which is perceived, but it is in general towards an object that goes body focusing. The significance of the object takes effect also at this time while launching possible evocations.

Our interest with us human in all that is in the possibilities of selection which we have of the mental objects which are presented in our general mental field. It is understood that the method of sorting is identical that is to select a way to be followed among several, or to select a word among others to build a sentence, since in all the cases the selection is carried out on mental objects. In the first case they are objects waked up after perception, in the second they are evoked objects.

The human thought according to the religious or mystical designs

Unit of the thought

In the designs religious S and Mystical S, the human thought corresponds to a Substance which cannot be dissociated from the matter, nor of the Création and its creator (God). The human beings and nature form a whole, the Création. God acts through the thought of the Esprit:

“the Spirit helps us in our weakness, because we do not know what it is advisable to us to ask in our prayers. But the Spirit itself intercedes by inexpressible sighs; and that which probes the hearts knows which is the thought of the Spirit. ”

When Descartes separates two Substance S, one which is the intelligent substance (thinking: I thus think I am), the other being the body substance (matter), it actually dissociates from the dependant elements.

That involves a whole of distortions compared to the philosophical concepts of the tradition Chrétienne for example, in particular the Main cause, the relation between two prone, the final Cause (and the ethical associated), the principle of Causalité, the Substance, and the to be.

With a relation of prone to object, one must prefer a relation of prone to prone.

See: Cogito philosophical ergo sum and concepts

The human beings are connected between them: in the Christianity, the Fidèle S of the Église belong to the same mystical Body which is that of the Christ (Encyclique Mystici Corporis Christi of Pie XII, 1943).

Between the body and the spirit, the Substance S have a unit, just as the human beings form between them and with nature a whole, the Création (or a Cosmogonie in the spiritual traditions).

In the Encyclical Mystici Corporis Christi (1943), Pie XII quotes Saint Paul:

“Although being several, we make one body in Christ. ”

then it indicates that God probe thoughts of the powerful ones:

“It should be required of God that all those which order with the people like wisdom, in such way that this serious verdict of the Holy Spirit never reach them: The Almighty will examine your hearts and will probe your thoughts, because, being the ministers of its royalty, you judged with uprightness, neither observed the law of justice, nor walked according to the will of God. In a terrible and sudden way, you will understand that a very severe judgment will be exerted on those which order. Because with small one forgives by pity, but the powerful ones are strongly punished. God, indeed, will not yield in front of anybody and will not respect null size; because it created itself the small one and the large one and also takes care of all; but for most powerful is reserved a more rigorous torment. It is thus with you, O kings, that address my speeches, so that you learn wisdom and had not suddenly fallen. ”

Theology and philosophical thought

In the Encyclical Fides and ratio (1998), Jean-Paul II recalls the constant innovation of the thought of Saint Thomas d' Aquin:

“On this long way, holy Thomas occupies a very particular place, not only for the contents of its doctrines, but also for the dialog which it could found with the Arab thought and the Jewish thought of his time. At one time when the Christian thinkers redécouvraient the treasures of ancient philosophy, and more directly aristotelician, it had the great merit to put at the foreground the harmony which exists between the reason and the faith. The light of the reason and that of the faith come both from God, explained it; this is why they cannot be contradicted. ”

He indicates the requirements of the philosophical Raison compared to the science of the Foi:

“Without wanting to indicate to the theologists particular methodologies, which does not return to Magistère, I rather wish to evoke certain tasks suitable for the theology, in which the recourse to the philosophical thought is essential under the terms of nature even revealed Word.

theology is organized like the science of the faith, in the light of a double methodological principle: the auditus fidei and the intellectus fidei . According to the first principle, it adapts the contents of the Révélation in the way in which it gradually developed in the holy Tradition, in the Holy Scriptures and the Magistère living Church. By the second, theology wants to fulfill the specific requirements of the thought, while resorting to the speculative reflection. ”

For more information: Interactions between theology and philosophy in Fides and ratio

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