Thomas Paine , born the January 29th 1737 with Thetford in England and dead the June 8th 1809 with New York, is a Révolution naire, lampoonist and deist English become American. He is known for his engagement in favor of the independence of the Thirteen British colonies in North America, developed in the common Direction . Its writings also exerted a great influence on the French revolution.
Life
His/her father, Joseph Paine, are Quaker and his mother, Frances Cocke Paine, Anglican. It grows in an rural environment and leaves the school at the twelve years age. He works then like apprentice near his father. He works some time as merchant, then opens a shop of corsets, with Sandwich in the Kent. He marries Mary Lambert and its trade goes bankrupt little time afterwards. His wife dies whereas it is pregnant. He exerts then several trades and often moves. In 1768, it is fixed at Lewes in a hotel of the 15th century. The March 26th 1771, it marries, at the 36 years age, Elizabeth Ollive, the girl of its owner. In 1774, it meets in London Benjamin Franklin which convinces it to leave for America.Emigrated in North America the same year, it takes party for the American insurgents in its common Sens (1776) which gains a sharp success (approximately 500.000 sold specimens). He is an intellectual considered as one of the founding fathers of the the United States of America. Its book the common Direction is a plea for the rupture with the Great Britain and would have inspired George Washington. Indeed, in this little book, it estimates ridiculous which a country so small that Great Britain controls and imposes laws on immense and remote America.
Returned to Great Britain in 1787, it greets with enthusiasm the French revolution and, with the attacks Edmund Burke against this one in Réflexions retorts some on the Revolution of France , it publishes off The Rights Man (1791-1792).
Continued by the British government, it takes refuge in France where it is proclaimed French citizen and elected official appointed with the Convention the September 6th 1792. He does not vote the death of the king but his exile in America. Friend of the Of Gironde, he is victim of the Terreur and is stopped the December 28th 1793. There remain ten months in prison where he writes off The Age Reason , delivers in which he expresses his profession of faith deist. In July 1795, Thomas Paine is réadmis like deputy with Convention. He remains in France until the Paix of Amiens (March 25th, 1802) and sets out again then for the United States, where he dies.
He is also known for his work relating to freemasonry.
Homage
The philosopher Bertrand Russell pays a homage supported to Thomas Paine in his book Why I amndt not has Christian by devoting a whole chapter ( 8. The Fate off Thomas Paine ) with the destiny of this one, and the encourrus risks to express too much independence of mind.
Works
- Judicious Common (the common direction)
- The Rights off Man (1791-1792)
- Old The off Reason (1793)
See too
Related articles
- Lights (philosophy)
- War of American independence
- History of the United States of 1776 to 1865
External bonds
- Thomas Paine (English)
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