Thomas Guarantees

Youth

Pledge was born with Firle in the Sussex, it is the second wire of the first Viscount Gage. In 1728, it enters to prestigious the Westminster School of London where it meets characters like John Burgoyne, Richard Howe, Francis Bernard and George Sackville. At its exit of the school, joined the British Armée Guarantees, initially like Aspirant before acquiring the rank of lieutenant to the 1st Northampton Regiment the January 30th 1741. In 1742, it joined the Battereau' S Foot Regiment and becomes Premier-lieutenant. It is promoted Capitaine in 1743 and serves as Assistance-of-camp as the Count d' Albemarle at the time of the Bataille of Fontenoy and the countryside of Culloden. From 1747 to 1748, Gage is in shift with the Netherlands, it buys its load of Major in 1748. From 1748 to 1755, it is in Ireland, with the 55th Foot Regiment (later famous 44th Regiment ) and is promoted Lieutenant-colonel in March 1751.

War Seven Year old

In 1754, Gage is sent in America with the task force of the General Braddock. Its future enemy, George Washington, is useful with him during this forwarding. In July 1755, the commander of the 44th Regiment , colonel Sir Peter Halkett, is killed at the time of the Bataille of Monongahela. Pledge takes the command of the regiment, it will be slightly wounded at the time of the combat. The regiment is literally decimated and the Captain Robert Orme (aide-de-camp of the Braddock General) shows Gage badly to have led the troops and caused the defeat. Elm will resign of the army the following year, but its charges prevented Gage from obtaining the command of the 44th Regiment .

In 1756, Gage is second during the unfruitful forwarding of the river Mohawk. The following year, it is under the orders of the general captain John Campbell with Halifax (Nova Scotia), where Gage orders the 80th Regiment then receives finally its promotion with the rank of Colonel. Pledge is again wounded at the time of an attempt at catch of the Fort Ticonderoga. In spite of its failure, Gage is promoted Sergeant-general (especially thanks to the political operations of his/her brother, Lord Gage). Whereas it recruits buildings for its new regiment, Gage meeting Margaret Kemble of East Brunswick (New Jersey), the girl of a comrade of Westminster School which now forms part of the Council of the New Jersey. Both marry in December 1758. Their first wire, the future 3 {{E}} Vicomte Guarantees, is born in 1761. Margaret Kemble is the grand-daughter of the mayor of New York Stephanus Van Cortlandt.

The new general obtains the command of the place of Albany (New York), under the orders of the Major-general Jeffrey Amherst. In 1759, Amherst orders in Gage to attack the French and to take the Fort the Presentation (also known under the name of Fort the Wafer) then to take Montreal. Pledge is in dissension with Amherst, rather suggesting to him using its troops to reinforce the forts the Niagara and Oswego whereas Amherst, itself, lead the troops on Montreal. Pledge must then face the dissatisfaction with its superior and is left in Fort Albany until Amherst is ready to attack Montreal in 1760 (Pledge will then be seen entrusting the command of the rear-guard of Amherst).

Governor

After the French capitulation, Gage is named military governor of Montreal. During this mandate, it is generally respectful local habits and is regarded as an honest and conscientious administrator. In 1761, it is promoted general major and obtains the command of the 22nd Regiment . When Amherst returns to England in August 1763, Gage assumes the command of the British forces in America. Although British and French now made peace, Gage must face an Indian rising on the border of the West. In May 1763 the troops of the chief Outaouais, Pontiac attack Fort Strait, at the time of a first offensive of what one will name the Rébellion of Pontiac.

Hoping to regulate the conflict by the diplomacy, Gage sends the colonels John Bradstreet and Henri Bouquet on the ground with troops, but orders with William Johnson to start peace negotiations. In August 1764, Colonel Bradstreet establishes his own treaty with the Indians but Gage rejects it. Colonel Bouquet negotiates to him a cease-fire in October 1764. At this time, Gage is not any more Master that of two forts out of nine, the others are with the hands of the Indians. In 1765, Gage sends finally the 42nd Royal Highland Regiment to take again the Fort of Chartres. During the summer, Gage orders in Johnson to send a representative to Pontiac. The conflict will not be completed before Pontiac itself does not go to Fort Ontario to sign a formal peace treaty there with Johnson in July 1766.

The administration of Pledge notes increasing political tensions within the American colonies. Pledge thus begins a withdrawal of its troops being on the frontier to reinforce the urban centres like New York and Boston. As the number of soldiers stationed downtown increases, it becomes urgent to ensure the provisioning and housing of it. The Parliament votes the Quartering Act of 1765, authorizing the British troops to take their districts in private residences. Pledge goes personally to Boston where it spends six weeks to find arrangement to place its troops in 1768. Besides this military occupation of Boston eventually will lead to the Massacre of Boston of 1770. This same year, Gage is promoted general Lieutenant.

Guarantee and its family return to England in June 1773 and it misses the Boston Tea Party in December of this year. The controversy which results from this sees the closing of the wearing of Boston by the British forces until the colonists paid the totality of the wasted the. The governor of the Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson is then 62 years old and the lieutenant governor, Andrew Oliver has 67 of them. Guarantee then in around fifty, with an important military experiment in America, seems the right man for the job.

In May 1774, it is named Royal Gouverneur under the mode of the martial Loi, that is to say commander-in-chief, of Massachusetts, replacing the civil governor. At this station, it is charged to make apply the Boston Port Act and takes care strictly of the confication of any weaponry.

In September 1774, it orders a mission to seize the powder with Somerville (Massachusetts), this one succeeds, but the others are a failure because of Paul Revere and his Sons off Liberty which espionnent the activities of Pledge and prevents its future victims.

Pledge is the object of criticism on behalf of its own men because it makes it possible groups like the Sons off Liberty to exist. One of its officers, Hugh Percy makes of it the remark, " The great leniency of the general and his moderation succeed only with (Americans) making more demanding and insolents." Guarantee writes itself, " If the force owes ête finally used, it must be considerable and of the reinforcements of troops brought, to start the combat with a weak force will encourage resistance instead of terrifying it; and finally will be more expensive in lives and moyens." Edmund Burke describes the interior conflict of Pledge while saying to the Parliament, " An English is the person most inapt for the world when it is a question of reducing another English in esclavage".

The American revolution

As a military governor, Gage orders the arrest of the politicians Samuel Adams and John Hancock for treason. Hancock and Adams escape the agents from the governor in Boston and take refuge with Lexington (Massachusetts). The majority of the militia of the colony, favorable to the cause of the rebels, gathers weapons, powder and provisions with Concord (Massachusetts). At the time of the night of the April 18th 1775, Gage orders with 700 British soldiers troops of elite and pomegranate companies of Boston, to go on Lexington and Concord.

The Battle of Lexington and Concord is concluded by the loss from 273 British and 95 American rebels. The British achieved their goals but are taken in ambush at the time of their return to Boston. Adams and Hancock managed to escape, after the battle, Gage publishes a proclamation offering a general amnesty to all those which will show their honesty with the crown--with the notable exception of Hancock and Adams.

Pledge starts to suspect that his wife, Margaret, native of the colony, can have sympathies to the cause of the rebels. Convinced that it betrayed its confidence, it orders that it is returned to England.

After Lexington, the American rebels continue the British until Boston, and occupy the birth of the peninsula on which the city is located. Thus starts the Siège of Boston. Initially, the 6.000 to 8.000 rebels (mainly carried out by the General Artemas Ward) face the few 4.000 men of Pledge wedged in the city. The British admiral Samuel Low registers order the fleet which preserves the control of the port. The May 25th, Gage receives a reinforcement of 4.500 men and three new generals - the Major Général William Howe and Brigadiers John Burgoyne and Henry Clinton.

Guarantee and its generals ébouchent a plan aiming at breaking the seat. They plan an amphibious attack in order to dislodge the Americans of the Dorchester Heights or to take their general headquarter of Cambridge. For contrecarer these plans, the Ward General orders to the General Israel Putnam to strengthen Bunker Hill. The June 17th 1775, the British forces ordered by the Howe General takes the peninsula of Charlestown at the time of the Bataille of Bunker Hill. They achieve their goal but cannot break the seat because the Americans always hold the ground with the base of the peninsula. Guarantee into known as, " A dearly acquired victory, one moreover would have us ruiné." The British losses at the time of this action were so heavy that consequently the seat became a dead end.

Return in England

the October 10th 1775, Gage is recalled in England; Major Général Howe replaces it as a commander-in-chief of the British army occupying America. In his report/ratio with the cabinet, Gage repeats that " in the long run an important army must be deployed to reduce these gens" and that " would be needed; to bring troupes." In April 1776, George Sackville German, the British Secretary of State for America, transfer formally command of Pledge to Howe.

Pledge takes again service in April 1781, when Amherst requires of him to requisition troops for a possible French invasion. The following year, Gage assumes the command (as a colonel) 17th light dragoons . It is finally promoted general the November 20th 1782, and then to transfer to the command from the 11th let us dragoons . Pledge dies on the Île of Portland cement the April 2nd 1787, his wife will survive to him of almost 37 years.

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