Thomas Bradwardine

Thomas Bradwardine (C. 1290 - August 26th 1349), was an archbishop English, often called " the Profound Doctor " (the deep doctor). He was undoubtedly born with Hartfield in the Sussex or with Chichester.

He was educated with the Balliol College with Oxford where he obtains the diploma for the occupation of Doctor of Divinity, and acquires the reputation of a pupil shining, endowed in mathematical and also in Théologie. He continues then with the Merton College. He obtains thereafter the rank of chancellor of university.

After having been chancellor of the Diocese of London, he becomes chaplain and confessor of Edouard III, which he follows during his wars in France. On its return in England, it will be successively named applicant of Lincoln, Archidiacre of Lincoln (1347), and in 1349 Archevêque of Canterbury. He dies with Lambeth the August 26th 1349, forty days after his dedication.

Chaucer in its work Nun' S Priest' S Tale arranges Bradwardine with Saint Augustin. Bradwardine is one of the Oxford Calculators , Merton College, with the Université of Oxford, studying mechanics with William Heytesbury, Richard Swineshead and John Dumbleton. The Oxford Calculators will distinguish the Cinématique compared to the Dynamique, improving kinematics, and reinforcing instantaneous speed. It are the first to formulate the theorem mean velocity: a body which moves at a constant speed traverses a distance in a time equal to a body in acceleration of which speed is half the final speed of the accelerated body. They showed also the theorem - essential part of " The law of the bodies tombants" - quite front Galileo to which one allots this discovery.

Published works

Its greater work is a treaty on the Pélagiens, entitled Of caused Dei countered Pelagium and of virtute causarum , published by Sir Henry Savile (London, 1618) in which it treats mathematical theology of way, which will make him obtain from the Pope the title of " Profound Doctor". It showed rigid Thomiste there.

He writes also De Geometria speculativa (Paris, 1530); De Arithmetica practica (Paris, 1502); De Proportionibus (Paris, 1495; Venice, 1505); De Quadratura Circuli (Paris, 1495); and a Ars Memorative , Sloane manuscripts. No 3974 with the British Museum.

Geometria speculativa. simul cum quodam tractatu of will quadratura circuli noviter edito. Elemental geometricum ex euclidis geometria has Ioanne Voegelin Haylpronnensi AD omnium mathematices studiosorum utilitatem decerptum . Paris Regnault Boiler, 1530.

In Tractatus of proportionibus (1328), Thomas Bradwardine extends the theory of the proportions of Eudoxe anticipating the concept of growth Exponentielle, developed later by Bernoulli and Euler. The theory related to the theorem speed, stated above, requires the modern concept of Limite, whereas Bradwardine was to use the theories of its time.

Boyer will write that " the work of Bradwardine contains the fundamental ones of the Trigonométrie glané in the works Musulmans ".

Bradwardine, Geometria speculativa , ED. and tr. English by George Molland. Wiesbaden: F. Steiner, 1989. (Boethius; 18). ISBN 3-515-05020-5.
Bradwardine, Tractatus of proportionibus , English transl. by Marshall Clagett. Madison: University off Wisconsin Near, 1955.

Critical studies, comments

A.G. Molland, Addressing ancient authority: Thomas Bradwardine and Prisca Sapientia, Indigo plants off Science 53 (1996), 213-223.
Edith W. Dolnikowski, Thomas Bradwardine: view Time and off has vision off eternity in the 14-HT century thought has. Leiden: Brill, 1995. (Studies in the history off Christian thought; 65). ISBN 90-04-10226-4.
Jean-François Genest & K.H. Tachau, reading of Thomas Bradwardine on the Sentences , in: Files of doctrinal and literary history of the Middle Ages 57 (1990), 301-306.
Carl O. Boyer, has off History Mathematics (288, 302), Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1984.
Jean-François Genest, the of futuris contingentibus of Thomas Bradwardine, Research augustiniennes 14 (1979), 249-336.
A.G. Molland, Year examination off Bradwardine' S Geometry, File for the History off exact Sciences 19 (1978), 113-175.
Stillman Drake, Medieval ration theory vs compound medicines in the origins off Bradwardine' S rule, Isis 64 (1973), 67-77.
Stillman Drake, Bradwardine' S function, mediate multiple denomination, and continued, Physis. Rivista internazionale di storia beyond scienza 12 -1 (1970), 51-68.
Clifford Truesdell, Essays in The History off Mechanics , Springer-Verlag, New York, 1968.
Marshall Claggett, The Science off Mechanics in the Middle Old , University off Wisconsin Near, Madison, 1960.
Heiko A. Oberman, Archbishop Thomas Bradwardine, has fourteenth century Augustinian . Utrecht: Kremink, 1958.
H.L. Crosby, Tractatus de Proportionibus, Its Significance for the Development off Mathematical Physics , University off Wisconsin Near, Madison, 1955.
Glorious Palémon, Article Thomas Bradwardine, catholic Dictionary of theology (Paris 1946), vol. 15 -1, pp. 765-773.

See also Quétif-Echard, Script. Praedic. (1719), I. 744; WF Hook, Lives off the Archbishops off Canterbury , vol. iv.

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