Chardon is a generic term which indicates many Espèce S of Plante S thorny belonging mainly to the family of the Astéracées (Made up), in particular the kinds Carduus (thistles themselves) and Cirsium (cirses). Some belong to the family of the Apiacées (Ombellifère S) like the thistle-Roland, or panicaut, and the blue thistle of the Alps. They are often bad grasses, but some can have an interest, in particular decorative.

They have jointly to be, generally, of the arid plants of grounds, to carry prickly sheets or spine S, and to have Fleur S joined together in Inflorescence S forming of the dense and tightened heads, flowerheads or Ombelle S.

“Thistle” in the same etymological beginning as “Cardoon”, variety of Artichoke which one consumes the coasts.

List thistles

Kind Carduus , Astéracées

• Thistle with needles, Carduus acicularis Bertol.
• Thistle with bractées broad, Carduus nutans subsp. platylepis (Rchb. & Jump.) Nyman
• Thistle with flowerheads tightened, Carduus pycnocephalus L.
• Thistle with dense flowerheads, Carduus pycnocephalus L.
• Thistle with small flowerheads, Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis
• Thistle with flowerheads hails, Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis
• Thistle with pins, Carduus acicularis Bertol.
• Thistle with sheets of Carline, Carduus carlinifolius Lam.
• Thistle with many flowers, Carduus crispus subsp. multiflorus (Gaudin) Gremli
• Thistle with naked stalks, Carduus defloratus L.
• Thistle with dense heads, Carduus pycnocephalus L.
• Alpine Thistle, Carduus X grenieri n-subsp. alpestris Arenas
• Thistle Burdock, Carduus personata (L.) Jacq.
• crisp Thistle, Carduus crispus L.
• Thistle of Alleizette, Carduus X alleizettei Arenas
• Thistle of Aurouze, Carduus aurosicus' Chaix
• Thistle of summer, Carduus X aestivalis Arenas
• Thistle of Brunner, Carduus X brunneri Döll
• Thistle of Burnat, Carduus X moritzii n-subsp. burnatii (Genty) Arenas
• Thistle of Carniole, Carduus X orthocephalus n-subsp. carniolicus (Rech.) Arenas
• Thistle of Gillot, Carduus X gillotii Rouy
• Thistle of Fatty, Carduus X grassensis Briq. & Cavill.
• Thistle of Attic, Carduus X grenieri Sch.Bip ex Nyman
• Thistle of Jordan, Carduus X jordanii Arenas
• Thistle of Lozere, Carduus X lesurinus Rouy
• Thistle of Loret, Carduus X loretii Rouy
• Thistle of Mérat, Carduus X meratii Arenas
• Thistle of Nuria, Carduus X nuriae Sennen
• Thistle of Nägeli, Carduus X naegelii Brügger
• Thistle of Puech, Carduus X puechii H.J.Coste
• Thistle of Sardinia, Carduus fasciculiflorus Viv.
• Thistle of Sardinia, Carduus sardous cd.
• Thistle of Schultze, Carduus X schultzeanus Ruhmer
• Thistle of Valiant, Carduus X vaillantii Arenas
• Thistle of Verlot, Carduus X verlotii Arenas
• Thistle of Vérone, Carduus X veronensis Arenas
• decapitated Thistle, Carduus defloratus L.
• Thistle of the Alps, Carduus nutans subsp. alpicola (Gillot) Eyes. & Arenas
• Thistle of the South, Carduus australis L.f
• Thistle of the Aurouse mount, Carduus aurosicus Chaix
• Thistle of Vivarais, Carduus vivariensis Jord.
• Chardon distorts Acanthe, Carduus acanthoides L.
• Chardon distorts Bardane, Carduus personata (L.) Jacq.
• Chardon distorts Carline, Carduus carlinoides intermediate Gouan
• Chardon, Carduus middle finger Gouan
• litigious Chardon, Carduus litigiosus Nocca & Balb.
• mixed Thistle, Carduus X mixtus Corb.
• blackening Thistle, Cheap Carduus nigrescens .
• leaning Thistle, Carduus nutans L.
• Thistle with heads out of cut, Carduus pycnocephalus L.
• Thistle with trochets, Carduus pycnocephalus L.
• Thistle with green spines, Carduus pycnocephalus L.
• Thistle with small flowers, Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis

Kind Cirsium Astéracées

• Thistle of the fields, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
• Thistle of the vines, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
• Thistle of the kitchen gardens, Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop.
• woolly Thistle, Cirsium eriophorum (L.) Scop.
• Thistle lancéolé, Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.
• Cirse of Montpellier, Cirsium monspessulanum (L.) Hill

Other kinds of Astéracées

• Thistle with lime, Atractylis will gummifera L.
• Chardon with white spots, Tyrimnus leucographus (L.) Case.
• Thistle with the asses, Onopordum acanthium L.
• Thistle of Scotland, Onopordum acanthium L.
• Onopordum bracteatum
• Thistle blessed, Cnicus benedictus L.
• Thistle of Spain, Cynara cardunculus L.
• Thistle of Spain, Scolymus hispanicus L.
• Thistle of Casabona, Ptilostemon casabonae (L.) Greuter
• Thistle false Gnaphale, Ptilostemon gnaphaloides (Cirillo) Soják
• Thistle of Syria, Notobasis syriaca (L.) Case.
• milky Thistle, Galactites elegans (All.) Soldano
• Thistle-blesses the Parisian ones, Carthamus lanatus L.
• Thistle-Marie, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
• Thistle silver plated, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
• Thistle of Notre Dame, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
• Thistle marbled, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
• Thistle of Bérard, Cheap Berardia subacaulis .
• Thistle gilded, Carlina acaulis L.
• Thistle barometer, Carlina acanthifolia All.
• gilded Thistle, Carlina vulgaris L.
• spangled Thistle, Centaurea calcitrapa L.
• gilded Thistle, Centaurea solstitialis L.
• Small Thistle without spines, Carduncellus mitissimus (L.) cd.
• blue Thistle, Globe-thistle ritro L.

Other families

The Cardère S of the family of the Dipsacacées

• Thistle with fuller or cardère with fuller, Dipsacus fullonum L.

The Panicaut S of the family of the Apiacées

• white Thistle, Cheap Eryngium spinalba .
• blue Thistle of the Alps, Eryngium alpinum L.
• Thistle of the dunes or maritime Panicaut, Eryngium maritimum L.
• Thistle-Roland or pastoral Panicaut, Eryngium campestre L.

Interest

The destruction of adventitious undesirable as the thistles is a lawful obligation in many areas.

However, certain species are protected or cultivated with a decorative aim. There are the edible ones, like the thistle of the mountains. The common thistle (Carduus vulgaris) had found a use food at the XIXe century. Its root was eaten raw or pulp adapted with milk. An experimenter had made the experiment of it: " it is very good with the taste and is digested easily, I did myself of it the experiment of all the manières"

Symbolic system

• Austerity, utility, aggressiveness.
• Symbol of the pain of the Christ and the Virgin . It is also, like the Châtaigne, the image of the virtue protected by its prickles.
• Emblem of the Scotland (precisely a onopordon , the Thistle with the asses)
• the Onopordon with sheets of acanthus, of the family of the astéracées , is the emblem of the Lorraine, in reference of which the currency of the dukes of Lorraine was “gather thistles, expect prickles”.
• In the Basque Country, one calls the woodland thistle the “Fleur de Soleil” ( eguski lore ) because one holds it for a solar representation and, for this reason, for a favorable symbol. The other popular name of this plant, sorguineko belar (“grass of the wizard”), recalls us that the wizard (Sorguin) cannot look at the sun opposite. Therefore, the representation of the solar star, the thistle, is likely to protect the houses from the attempts malfaisantes.

References

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