Thiaucourt-Regniéville

Thiaucourt-Regniéville is a common French, located in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle and the area Lorraine.

Geography

Regniéville form a Exclave separated from the communal chief town by the Viéville-in-Hague.

History

In spite of the presence of traces of habitat which can go back to the Gallo-Roman S, the foundation of Thiaucourt must be allotted to the leude frankly Théobald which was installed at times Mérovingiens on the site, consequently known under the toponym of the Theobaldi-curtis .

The Middle Ages

It was yielded in block in 761 to the Abbaye of Gorze. The successive owners of shares of territory being in constant pious transactions with the abbeys close to Saint-Beno4it cheese and Holy-Marie-with-Wood, Thiaucourt and its forests definitively integrated the county of Bar in 1279, when Thiébaut II obtained from it the property against the transfer with the Benedictines of Gorze of Saint-Julien-the-Gorze, Villecey-on-Mad and Onville.

Rich person of its wood of Woëvre that the community exploits already in 1285 and of appreciated wine productions (quotation of 1178), the discrete history of Thiaucourt will be marked until the Revolution by the culture of the vine, the tribulations of feudal times and by the administrative rise. It will be done slowly, with the detriment of the chief town of prévôté of Lachaussée, under the aegis of the dukes of Bar then of Lorraine, exclusive lords of the place until 1789.

A dynasty of prelates, officers and administrators comtaux then ducal borrows his name from the borough barrois (archpriests of Gorze, canons, provosts of Lachaussée, mayors of Thiaucourt…). Its apogee is at the 16th century with Didier de Thiaucourt, captain of the castle of Bar and marshal of artillery of the duke Rene II. It has a long time a gross pledged tower in Bar, supported against the fort of Thiaucourt and various vineyards like the vine of Clouyère. Its weapons are “Of money to a busy sand young greyhound”. The greyhound going, black on white zone, but without the traditional collar of the animal of court, reveals the unquestionable devotion of the family to the sovereign of Bar, corroborated by the files, but without excessive servility. The dynasty, middle-class woman in the beginning, pass slowly in the aristocracy of average line. The services of war rendered by one of its members, Vivien, give the opportunity to the duke Robert de Bar, in 1393, to pronounce one of the first ennoblements of the duchy. The tomb of the knight into large harnois could be contemplated until the Revolution in the small parish church of Prény.

Badly protected by its palisades and the turns of strong sound, in spite of its company of principal rafters (1333), the borough is devastated on several occasions with the liking of the conflicts opposing the évêchés dukes, the cities and. It is, according to the chronicle, subjected to plundering flamer in particular of Charles the Bold one. The documents show a population made bloodless by the plague of 1348 and obviously the Guerre Thirty Year old. It is regularly subjected to the various tributes as with the passages of troops. The duke Robert de Bar bench thus at Thiaucourt, with the expenses of the inhabitant, with the floret of the knighthood barroise, the night from December 15th to 16th 1395.

Modern time

For economic reasons and administrative, the borough profits from a relative attraction near the dukes. They prescribe in the current of the 16th centuries the realization of the enclosure of which the most significant vestiges (doors) disappear about 1870. There remains about it today a side of curtain of about fifty meters and two bastions towards the old “door with the Wolves”. The dukes on several occasions regulate the use of the opulent forest inheritance of the community (in particular by the great payment of 1582), they grant fairs and walked (1462, 1573), of the franknesses on the furnaces and presses (1553), the middle-class men of the guard of the castle of Lachaussée exempt and transfer provostal justice to the ducal mayor (1580).

The slow conquest of an administrative preeminence of the borough of Thiaucourt on the fortress of Lachaussée, guardian of the borders of the duchy at the boundaries of évêchés of Metz and Verdun, ends with the revolutionary reforms, after having known its culminating point in 1661 then in 1751, dates of erection of the borough in chief town of prévôté then of bailliage. Thus can be confused often two categories of armorial bearings: those of the city and those of prévôté or the bailliage which succeeds to him. The ecu strewn with crosses recroisetées with its two leant towers of the ducal barbels, are those of the châtellenie barroise (Lachaussée then Thiaucourt). The ecu with four cantons, two with the Greek tau and the bunch of grapes with the naturalness and two with the weapons of Bar, surmounted town enclosure, are obviously those of the community. They cannot merge either with those of the family of Thiaucourt, with the greyhound.

The point of organ of the wine fame of this favoured soil that was the vintage of Thiaucourt locates in the current of the S, where exports are attested, in particular at the court of the bishops of Verdun and towards the Flanders. One finds also mention of the wine of Thiaucourt in the inventories of ducal courtiers and the files of the interior customs of the Lorraine principalities during all Middle Ages and the later time.

19th century

After the florissance of the 18th century, where the small town of Thiaucourt bubbles of the activity of its vine growers and his microphone-company of lawyers, notaries and lawyers, the city takes a very unobtrusive but banal share with the revolutionary disorders.

The prosperity of the vineyard thiaucourtois, whose most beautiful florets are in possession of the middle-class families resulting from the basoche of old Mode, is destroyed in its turn brutally by the agricultural epidemics and the railway opening-up of the valley of Rupt-of-Mad between 1850 and 1900. The vineyard, saved by the American seedlings, perdure however and still makes speak about him. One finds of Thiaucourt in the commun runs of the Court of Windsor and on the Normandy steamer. It is even very probable that of Thiaucourt was reproduced on the chart of the wines of the bridge of third class of Titanic (where it is still…). It is true that this red, typified and fleshy wine, with its oval breeches characteristic and suitable for a conservation of intermediate duration, has sometimes savors close to certain “castles” of the of Bordeaux one; nothing comparable in any case with the charming gray wines the Resident of Toul, which is of very an other gasoline. All is here in the local soil and its exceptional exposure on the slope of Rupt-of-Mad. This atavism gives very naturally to its rosy propensity to transfer with champagnization when it is young and that, without any external intervention. It surprises then by its access impetuous and semi-sparkling and its foam resembles then curiously that of the cider.

First World War

First French city reconquered by the Americans in September 1918, after four years of occupation by the Bavarian body, relatively peaceful, the city loses many of his/her children and his ancient heart during the First World War and in particular during the bombardments of release. To a population of controlled widows, famished by the requisitions, grondement arrives during long months the deaf person and the night flashes of the Combats of the Wood-the-Priest, trenches of the face of the Hague, then of the butchery of Verdun.

Raised of its ruins about 1920, it lost all in particular that made its seal of small town of old Mode: its houses of, and 17th century. The parish church, rebuilt in 1732 does not have any more a bell-tower, dynamited by the liberator, the convent of the Capuchins (1708) lost his church, the medieval bridge of 1552 jumped and many private mansions of the beautiful time of the bailliage are with bottom, such as for example the “house of the Fort” with its turret-staircase, under the presbytery, which replaced the feudal tower of Thiaucourt. One however restores the line of Thiaucourt-Toul, the “jalopy” or “local train” but for little time, by avoiding the railway viaduct of Bouillonville, removed him-also for strategic causes. The territory and the name of the village martyrdom of Regniéville are today assistant of that of Thiaucourt, so that never these tragic events are not forgotten.

Thiaucourt, guard of 35 000 tombs of all nationalities is today one of largest the military necropoles of France and has one of the most beautiful American military cemeteries of Europe.

Contemporary time

The chief town of canton, struck by the economic transfers (see the departure of its old and celebrates cheese dairy or the permanent closure of its SNCF railway station), however occupies a central position in the regional natural park, in the middle of the valley of Rupt-of-Mad, full of fish river and green casting whose potential of development is still unsuspected.

Let us guarantee that the recent immigration of a renovated population where remain that and there of alliances to some families of stock, will know débanaliser the still unexploited in particular tourist attractions of the country thiaucourtois, without disavowing on the contrary some of the assets which marked a honourable history.

The family De Thiaucourt

At feudal times, there existed in the entourage of the Lorraine sovereigns (abbeys, évêchés of Metz and Verdun, counts and dukes of Bar, dukes of Lorraine…) a dynasty of prelates and large officers which bore the name of the borough from which it is resulting. It is not easy to know if and how it is attached to this family of the modern scientists whose Web shows great notoriety.

One finds the first appearances of the antique family De Thiaucourt in the files of the abbey of Saint-Benoit-in-Woêvre. They designate a family of having introduced dice the 12th century but near the Benedictines of Gorze. Its juniors, the clerks, benefit largely from the cures and archiprêtrises from the area then emoluments canonic of the cathedrals from Metz and Verdun. One of them, Alard, cantor of the cathedral of Metz, protagonist of certain quarrels between the episcopal curia and Metz-native municipal administration, obtains even the interested support of the popes of Avignon.

The 14th centuries find this time the elder ones of Thiaucourt, the laic ones, trustant the uses of provosts in the châtellenies barroises of Woêvre (Core-Heudicourt, Lachaussée, Etain…) and in the office of feudal mayor or alderman of Thiaucourt. The registers of the room of the accounts of Bar thus shell the administrative acts of the cousins, uncles and nephews of the clan who follow one another in employment, in the middle of the bloody conflicts which then put at the catches the principalities of the East. In 1393, one of them is gratifié, for rendered services, of one of the first ennoblements of Barrois. Its tomb, the representative into large harnois of knight, is visible until the Revolution in the old parochial vault of Prény.

The devastations of second half of the 14th century put at evil the family and a land inheritance distributed between various villages close of which the most beautiful symbol constitutes the feudal tower supported against the aître and the fort to Thiaucourt. To the service of the ducal policies, about the middle of, the two large family branches are brought to leave definitively the cradle of the country thiaucourtois to follow the successive sovereign dynasties in their peregrinations: wars of Metz, battles of Bulgnéville at the sides of King Rene, seat then victory of Nancy (1477), Italian forwardings of the dukes angevins, etc

The recognition of Rene II is with the height of the indéfectible zeal of this caste of the “large greyhounds of Bar”: the two last Thiaucourt, father and wire, have important positions of responsibility in the capital barroise, then usual seat of the court. The father is to advise of the duke. The son becomes captain of the place of Bar and various other fortresses, then marshal of ducal artillery. In the middle of the 16th century, the last Thiaucourt, bastard legitimated, still evolves/moves in the narrow circle of the domesticity of the duke Antoine and, symbol of this physical proximity, carries a revealing nickname: “the bastard one of the room”. Mahaut d' Apremont, cousin of Thiaucourt, will collect finally the whole of the parts of the heritage, forsaken by the last kids of the family, the girls, married to noble Lorraine the or affluent ones of abbey sticks.

Some furtive glances on some facts which relate to them show the type of employment held by Thiaucourt in the ducal history, randomly.

1134, the first alms of the family to the cistercians of Saint-Benoit-in-Woêvre.

About 1290, on the edges of the pond of Lachaussée, the riders of Haumont and first Thiaucourt divide their wood and their grounds with the Saint-Beno4it cheese cistercians…

May 2nd, 1350, the lord of Bouillonville, main Alard de Thiaucourt, chaplain of the abbey of Gorze, in its comfortable hotel of Metz, reads again a mail, seal of the pope of Avignon, indicating it cantor of the cathedral…

In full harvests 1372, convened under the cane of the sergeants, us here this time running to the fortress of Lachaussée, where the provost, Thiaucourt, us mande to make cartages to rebuild a tower: the anglois threat…

The night of March 18th, 1373 with Thiaucourt, banquet with the table of the mayor and the provost, all the two family members of Thiaucourt, accommodating the duke Robert de Bar in person in their keep of the fort, return of a forwarding with 80 knights and riders…

Per hour of vespers in this December 10th, 1395, under the market of Thiaucourt, here the middle-class assembly, negotiating an amazing loan with a Metz-native usurer to provide for subsidies which the duke came in person to tap to them a few front days.

Pouffons of laughing, however, spectators of the grape harvest of 1415, vis-a-vis “Large Collignon de Thiaucourt”, this devout shareholder with the odd pace, a local figure, scanning with the banal press the counting of the tandelins collected in its vine of Clouyère…

And then, we here on the walls of the castle of Bar-le-Duc, in 1492, in company of the lord Didier de Thiaucourt, captain of the place, the future marshal of artillery of Rene II, adjusting the shooting of one bombards…

Let us share also the secrecies of family of the ducal palates of Bar and Nancy, in front of the chimney of the big room of the castle of Rembercourt, in 1531, with the bastard one of Thiaucourt, manservant of the duke Antoine…

Thiaucourt are mingled personally with good with other events still, often dramatic. The files which carry their claw are too often in bonds with misfortunes of the war, the requisitions and " the great plague of 1348" who sends to the pit not far from half of the inhabitants of Thiaucourt, Pannes, Xammes, Béney, Bouillonville…

sources: Work in the course of edition: Thiaucourt, senior civil servants of the Lorraine sovereigns author, Maurice Castles - 2006. (260 pages of narration with 500 annotations extremely documented on the villages and the site of Thiaucourt at medieval times, returning to more than 300 pages of original files produced in appendix, genealogical tables, charts and illustrations).

The sources relative to the great dates of the history of the borough are drawn from the other works (Jaulny, Rembercourt…) or of various work of this author, which quotes the dimensions of files systematically, bibliographical sources or the origins of information on which they are based. It would be too long to enumerate them here.

Administration

on October 1st, 1942, Thiaucourt absorbs Regniéville (code INSEE: 54448)
on December 22nd, 1962, Thiaucourt becomes Thiaucourt-Regniéville

Demography

Places and monuments

American cemetery of 1914-1918 (inaugurated by Albert Lebrun and the Herrick ambassador on Sunday, November 8, 1925. German cemetery of 1870 and 1914-1918

Personalities related to the commune

Country of birth of several generals: lieutenant-general of army Rene Xhaard, General Clinchant, general Mangin

Henry Chicken (1874-1941), born with Thiaucourt, adviser of State, prefect of Haut-Rhin of 1918 to 1920, principal private secretary of the president of the Republic and author of several studies on the history of Thiaucourt at the 18th century.

Sources

Edouard Long-beaked, the Canton of Thiaucourt: history, agricultural and viticultural situation, biographical notes of its outstanding men , Paris, LMBO universis, 1993, (FAC-sim. of " Thiaucourt" , Nancy: A. Voirin, 1892)

Abbot Joseph Marange, Thiaucourt and its inhabitants during the history , Thiaucourt, 1968,231 p.
Henry Chicken, Inhabitants of a Lorraine small town at the 18th century '', Lorraine Country (Nancy), 1907

See too

Common of Meurthe-et-Moselle

External bonds

Thiaucourt-Regniéville on the site of the national geographical Institute
Thiaucourt-Regniéville on the site of INSEE
Thiaucourt-Regniéville on the site of Quid
Localization of Thiaucourt-Regniéville on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Thiaucourt-Regniéville on Mapquest

Random links: