Thermal solar energy
One indicates by thermal solar energy the transformation of the solar Rayonnement into thermal energy. The production of this energy can be is used directly (to heat a building for example) where indirectly (like the production of Steam to involve Alternateur S and thus to obtain an electrical energy ).
The general principle is to concentrate the solar rays in only one place.
Thermodynamic solar power stations
In the field of industrial research, certain systems make it possible to concentrate solar energy in a precise point which can then reach a considerable temperature. An electric production is then possible via, inter alia, of the thermal engine or steam turbines other.Parabolic collectors heating a coolant circulating in pipes placed at the level of their geometrical hearth were also developed.
The most realistic solution economically at present, for the solar electrical production on an industrial scale, consists in heating a coolant (water, salts melted, synthetic oils, or directly vapor) by concentrating the solar radiation there. The clean irregularity of solar energy can be circumvented, either by storing heat (with a tank of hot fluid) or by hybridant the solar concentrators with a traditional thermo plant (the boiler and solar heat nourishing the same steam turbine).
The power station of Mojave in California towards 1980, had had the appearance of a pioneer project. Somewhat forgotten since, this die returns from topicality (concerns on the Climate warming and the hydrocarbon reserves helping), with many pilot projects in ten country. The thermo-solar power station Nevada Solar One is in construction since February 11th, 2006 with Boulder City. In the long term, it will develop a power of 64 megawatts and will be the third of the world. According to its originators, the power station should make it possible to eliminate a volume from pollution are equivalent to the suppression of a million cars in circulation on the territory of the United States.
On Friday, March 30, 2007, to 25 km of Seville was inaugurated a named solar power station PS10 of a capacity of 11 MW and envisaging a production of approximately 23 GWh électricique/an. Other similar power stations are envisaged.
The Solar tower of 1 000 meters height, is one of the most ambitious projects of planet for the production of alternative energy. It is a factory of renewable energy which provides the same power as a small nuclear reactor while being surer and cleaner.
A Stirling engine connected to a generator can as well use a system of parabolic concentrators or flat sensors with coolant, according to its heat gradient of operation.
Water-heater and solar heating
See also: solar Heating water
On an individual or collective dwelling scale, it is possible to install a Solar-fired heater, or a solar heating: they are glazed sensors generally installed on the roof, in which a liquid coolant heated by the solar radiation circulates, which transmits then heat to a water-heater and possibly to a floor heating low temperature.
This process makes it possible to cover approximately 50% on average in France of the requirements out of warm water, and to possibly bring a complement of heating.
Solar cooling
Paradoxalement the heat of the solar radiation can also be used to refresh a building: one uses in this case of the vacuum cylindrical sensors in which a Liquide coolant circulates which will be carried at high temperature (100°C and more). This liquid will transfer heat via an exchanger to a chemical solution which will be heated and which while cooling then will produce cold. This process allows an ecological air-conditioning of industrial buildings or collective dwellings. More, to see the solar part Air-conditioning…
Solar cookers and driers
See also: solar Cooker
The solar cookers are very widespread in China and India. In addition to the cooker-box and the cooker with panels, parabolic cookers were developed.
A plate of paperboard covered with a sheet of Aluminum and cut out in order to form a shell already makes it possible to obtain the heating of a pot (preferably black) placed in a transparent plastic bag limiting and the steam losses of heat. Thanks to systems of this kind, many food can be cooked, mijotés or heated and water can be pulp. The most fragile part is the plastic bag.
Cooker-boxes with a glazed lid or a rigid plastic are rather easy to manufacture with local materials (dry empty shells and for the thermo isolation, etc).
See too
- mixed Renewable energy
- Powerplant of Hassi R' mel
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