Theory of the stationary state

The theory of the stationary state is a cosmological Modèle proposed at the end of the Années 1940 by Fred Hoyle, Thomas Gold and Hermann Bondi, supposing that the universe is eternal and immutable. This model is abandoned today because of its incapacity to give an account of very many observations.

This model is based on the idea that the universe obeys the perfect cosmological Principe: not only it is homogeneous and isotropic, and consequently identical to itself in any point of space at a given time (it thus obeys the cosmological Principe), but in more it is identical so that it is today at all the times. The current universe being in expansion, its density of matter decrease with time. To compensate for this effect, the theory of the stationary state supposes the existence of a phenomenon of continuous creation of matter, using a field called Champ C (“C” for “creation”). The term of creation continues is sometimes used instead of the theory of the stationary state.

In the theory of the stationary state, the Univers is thus eternal and immutable. There cannot be inconsistency between the age of the universe deduces from the value of the Constante from Hubble, and the age of such or such astrophysical object as that had been the case in the current of the years 1940, where the estimate of the age of the universe in a model of the Big Bang type conferred to him an age lower than that of the Ground, estimated by methods of radiometric Datation. The problem came owing to the fact that the age of the universe, deduced from the value of the constant of Hubble, was very underestimated because the latter was very largely over-estimated.

The theory of the stationary state predicts the absence of dense and hot phase in the paramount Univers, in opposition to the model of the Big Bang. The discovery of the cosmological diffuse Fund and in particular of its form of black Body, consequence natural of Big Bang, signed the end of the theory of the stationary state like relevant model which can describe the observable Univers. Very many other effects also contradicted the theory of the stationary state:

measurement clarifies temperature of the cosmological diffuse bottom at more moved back times. In the theory of the stationary state, even if there exists a radiation having the same properties that the cosmological diffuse bottom, this one must have even temperature at all the times.
the evolution of the space distribution, the morphology and of… of the Galaxie S. Of such effects must miss in the theory of the stationary state.
evolution of the Rate of star formation within the galaxies.

The theory of the stationary state also fails to give an account of the abundance of different the Atome S in the universe, in particular of the abundance of Hélium.

The discovery of the Accélération of the expansion of the universe encouraged the holding last of the assumption of the stationary state, like Jayant Narlikar, to propose a slightly different model: the Theory of the quasi-stationary state. This model fails to describe the whole of the cosmological observations, in particular the structure of the Anisotropie S of the cosmological diffuse bottom, and does not form part of the cosmological models studied by the vast majority of the Cosmologiste S.

References

See Works specialized on cosmology

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