Theodor Zwinger (the old one)

Theodor Zwinger Old the, born one with Basle the August 2nd 1533, died with Basle the March 10th 1588, is a Savant Suisse, celebrates doctor, and chief of a family which during three centuries, did not cease producing men distinguished in sciences.

It was wire of a sister of the printer Jean Oporin and Léonard Zwinger, Pelletier or Corroyeur, originating in Bischofszell, in the Turgowie. Though furrier or blacksmith ( pellio ), Léonard Zwinger was of old and famous family. Several of its ancestors had filled of the important loads; and his/her father had received, of the noble letters, in 1492, of the emperor Maximilien Ier.

At the five years age, it had misfortune to lose his father; but it found in the tenderness of Oporin and Conrad Lycosthenes, with which his/her mother had been remariée, all your helps necessary to develop the happy provisions with which nature had endowed it. It was at the school of Thomas Plater, skilful grammairien, that he learned the elements from the old languages, and he was not long in exceeding all his school-fellows. In the stage performances which, according to the use, finished the year scholastic, one chose Theodor to fill the character of the Love. Its manner sharp and enjouée to recite its role and its childish graces were worth each time of the applause to him which its biographer looks at as one predicts certain those which it was to collect one day on the scene of the world.

Admitted in 1548 with the academy, it followed the lessons of the professors successfully there; but pulled by the desire to travel, it left one day Basle, charged with books than of money, and moved on Lyon, persuaded that its talent for poetry could not miss getting everywhere friends and guards to him. On its arrival in this city, it was accepted Prote in the typographical studio of the Bering; and there remained there three years, which were not lost for its instruction.

It went then to Paris, where it attended the courses of the most famous professors, inter alia Petrus Ramus, whose Theodore on the occasion in the continuation to recognize the benevolent reception. After five years of absence, it returned to Basle in 1553; but by the council of Pierre Perna, printer of Lucques, expatriate due to religion, it left almost at once for Italy. Zwinger, after having followed the courses of the Academy of Padoue, came to Venice to improve there its knowledge in the company of the most educated men. His/her father-in-law, already sick and who proposed to associate it with the drafting his works, pressed it to return to Basle. Before leaving Italy, it accepted the doctoral bay-tree at the medical college of Padoue. With its return to Basle (1559), his/her friends, for fixing at it, made him marry the widow of a richie trader. Free consequently to follow its studious tastes, Zwinger shared its leisures between the culture of the letters and the practice of medicine. Its nomination, in with the pulpit of Greek language of the academy, provides him the means of making its talents and its scholarship useful for youth. He passed from this pulpit, in 1571, with that of morals; and, in he was named theoretical professor of medicine. Without anything to slacken its duties, it found the leisure to compose a great number of works and to continue its care with the sick poor, providing them free all the remedies which they needed. An epidemic being expressed with Baie, Zwinger redoubled zeal to conceal with this plague a greater number of victims; but, reached itself of this disastrous evil, he announced that he would succumb the eleventh day, and died indeed, in great feelings of piety, March 1588. He had composed, his death the day before, an imitation in Latin worms of the psalm 122, which was printed under this title: Precatio cycnea Th. Zwingeri . It was a man of a rare merit, uniting with great talents all qualities of the heart. Jacques-Auguste de Thou, which had frequently seen it during its stay in Basle, had said that it tasted an extreme pleasure in his conversation, and rents without reserve the courtesy of his spirit, its knowledge and its frankness (see the famous Hommes of Teissier, T. 3, p. 447).

In addition to an edition of the Works of, with a foreword; Comments on some of the books of Galien, on the tenth book of the Ethical and the eighth of the Political of Aristote; and finally an edition of the Works of Hippocrates (1579, in-fol.), with the Latin version of Cornaro, improved, and of the excellent notes, one has of Zwinger:

Theatrum vitce humanœ , Basle, 1565, 1571, 1586, 1596 and 1604, 5 vol. in-fol. Conrad Lycosthenes had left him materials for this work, by requesting it to put them in order. It is a vast compilation of anecdotes and historical features, distributed under various titles. One finds there, like in the Officina of Ravisius Textor, a crowd of bringings together prickles and features curious of which one would compose easily most useful and most pleasant about the Anna .
Light ordinis medici basiliensis , ibid, 1570, in-fol. ;
Morum philosophia practica , ibid, 1575, 2 vol. in-8°;
Methodus similitudinum ; with Similium loci common of Lycosthènes , ibid, 1575, 1595, 1602, in-8;
Methodus rustica Catonis and common Varronis prœceplis aphoristicis per locos digestis , ibid, in-8;
Methodus apodemica, qua omnia continentur quœ cuivis in gibe vitœ generates peregrinanti, and imprimis homini studioso scitu cognituque necessaria , Basle, 1577, in-4; Strasbourg, in-4; and in the appendix of the Hodœporicon of Nicolas Reusner. In spite of these three reprintings, worked is not common. Kahl knew only the first edition, and he testifies the desire to see some giving a news (see the Biblioth. philosoph. Struviana , p. 300).
Analysis Pitalmorum Davidis, symboli apostolici and orationis dominicœ , Basle, 1599, in-fol. ;
Physiologia mediça Th, Paracehi dogmatibus illystruta , ibid, 1620, in-8. In this work, the author seeks to reconcile the doctrines of Paracelse with that of Hippocrates and the former doctors. He was not the first which had formed this project (see Rivière). However Zwinger does not dissimulate the errors of the paracelsists. It defends against them the true anatomy and rejects the chemical principles, being based on what the doctor must know the parts which really exist in the bodies, and not those that art withdraws by average violent ones. It seems to me, says Sprengel, which it is a truth there that one could not make too highly feel, even today, with the partisans of physiological chemistry (see Histoire of medicine , translation of Jourdan, T. 3, p. 554). This work was published by Jakob Zwinger, and some biographers look some like the true author.

One finds the portrait of Theodor Zwinger engraved out of wood, with a rather great number of parts to his praise, collected by Valentine Thiloligius, one of his disciples, in the Icônes aliquot virorum clarorum of Nicolas Reusner, Basle, in-8. Zeltner devoted to him a note in its history of the famous correctors ( Theatrum virorum eruditorum ; it is more exact and more detailed than the article of the Dictionnaire of medicine of Eloy, copied by all the biographers of the 19th century but best the Vie of Zwinger is that which one finds in the Athenœ rauricœ , p. 208-244.

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