Theocracy

The theocracy (of the Greek theokratia , of theos , God and kratos , To be able, Gouvernement of God) is a Political system where the Légitimité Politique rises from the divinity. The Souveraineté is exerted there by the sacerdotal class, which cumulates Temporal power and religious.

The capacity Religieux dominates the capacity Civil. The divine Volonté is applied to control the terrestrial company, is via a person representing who acts as her name, that is to say, generally, by religious institutions, which replace or dominate the institutions of the civil government.

It is also the design of the State according to which the temporal power depends on the capacity Spirituel religious. It can, in this case, to act of a Souverain or a Dictateur which exerts its power in the name of a god or of God.

The Islamic Republic of Iran, and the government of the Utah directed at the 19th century by the president of the Église of Jesus-Christ of the Saints of the Last Days are examples of theocracy. One can also quote Florence at the time of Savonarole, which had given him for " King " Jesus-Christ.

History of the concept

The origin of the word and its first definition is of Flavius Joseph, ordering Jewish troops as a Galileo passed in the Roman camp after its capture, author of the War of the Jews , historical source principal on the Judaism of the time of Christ. (Cf Catholic Encyclopedia ,)

In Christian theology, the term of theocracy is attested less than that of political authority considered according to its goal and origin. (Cf this article in Jean-Yves Lacoste (Dir.), Dictionnaire criticizes theology , PUF " Quadrige")

Discusses

The assertions according to which the the Vatican is not a theocracy, because the Organization of the capacity are not there drawn from the Évangiles, let suspect an inaccuracy as for the definition of theocracy.
The Pape is the sovereign Sacerdotal of the State of the Vatican. This State actually constitutes only one simple territorial base for the Église, which thus has a specific entity recognized on the international scene, the the Holy See, which is incarnated at the same time in the Pope and the Roman Curie. The authority of the Pope is only sacerdotal and moral (regular Pouvoir), and noncivil and legislative (secular Pouvoir). One speaks rather about hiérocratie for the Vatican.
  1. the term of Hiérocratie relates to the regulation of the institutional authority within a religious community. In spite of the formation of the Portemanteau word, it corresponds of nothing to a Political regime which would imply the government of the Prêtre S on a Civil society.
  2. the government of the sacerdotal class, the Clergy, concerns a theocracy by definition. The priests form part of it (identification with the Latin word Sacerdotus ).
  3. First approach: the hiérocratie, if one applies it to the Chrétienté, is thus included in sovereign theocracy on the spiritual level (and nontemporal).
  4. Another approach: dissociation related to the definition of max Weber invalidates the possibility of comparing theocracy and hiérocratie, which are not on the same plan. The argument is, according to this approach, fallacious.

There is no consensus between those which define the Vatican of before the Risorgimento like a theocracy become a hiérocratie, those which consider that there remained a theocracy and those which think that he forever be it.

Typology

  • Iran:

    • “Mollacratie” - mode of the Mollah S
    • “sacerdotal theocracy”
  • the Vatican:
    • “Hiérocratie” - term introduced by max Weber, with the reserves of the preceding paragraph. ()
    • “ecclesiastical Government” - ()
  • Salt Lake City: the State of the Mormon S was during one period a “theocracy Souverainiste”

Lists

Currently theocratic states

  • the Vatican (Catholic Pope , Apostolic and Roman) : to see controversy.

  • Islamic Republic of Iran (the Conseil of the Guards of the Révolution is composed members of the Shiite Clergé )
  • République of Maldives (Sultanat Islamique)
  • Oman (Sultanat Islamique)
  • Bhutan (Buddhist Theocracy until in 2008)
  • Saudi Arabia (Islamic monarchy)

In the History

In the universes of fiction

In Los Angeles 2013 ( Escape from the , John Carpenter, 1996), the the United States are directed by a claiming himself president of God (he had prophesied large the Earthquake of Los Angeles).

In certain universes of Fiction, a State can be directed “directly” by a god and not by his priests:

  • in Stargate, the door of the stars ( Stargate , Roland Emmerich, 1994), a being Extraterrestre is made pass for a god, Râ, to subject the population of the Planet Abydos;
  • in the Roleplay Myranor , this system is baptized “théarchie” and the god Empereur carries the title of “Théarque” ( German Thearch in ).
  • In the series litéraire of daN Simmons, Hyperion.

See too

References

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