The Hood - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Creation

The Hood is born from the will of the persons in charge of the Revolutionary National Party (PNR), founded in December 1935 following a scission of the French Action to enter in clandestinity to escape the monitoring from the consecutive police force at February 6th, 1934. In June 1936, after the victory of the Popular front, these persons in charge, mainly Jean Filliol and Eugene Deloncle, create the OSARN (Social Welfare of national regulating action), name that Eugene Deloncle asserts during the legal instruction in 1937 rather than that of secret Committee of revolutionary action (CSAR).

If the French Action knows that the CSAR exists, it is that the large majority of the leaders of this new organization comes from her own rows or her youth organization, the Camelots of the King, such as:

Eugene Deloncle, the engineer;
Aristide Corre, the man of letters;
the Corsican duke, Joseph Pozzo di Borgo;
the doctor Henri Martin;
Jean Filliol says “the killer”;

But for the members of the Hood, wearied Wait-and-see policy of Pujo and Maurras, the hour came to act. In January 1935, Deloncle resigns and founds, in the absolute secrecy, the conspiring organization.

Close friend of Eugene Deloncle, Eugene Schueller, founder of the company L'Oreal, places his average personnel at the disposal of the Hood which organizes meetings in its own office of the seat of the company.

Young people, friends and students for the majority, residing at the boarding school of the Fathers Marists (with 104, rue de Vaugirard in Paris), attend the chiefs of the Hood then. Without all to adhere to the movement or to publicly make state any approval, it there among this band of friends Pierre Bénouville (resulting from the French Action), Claude Roy, François Mitterrand and Andre Bettencourt.

The name of Georges Loustaunau-Lacau, officer of the French Army and founder with the networks " Corvignoles" , also appears.

Subversive action

Anticommunist, Anti-semite and antirépublicain, this movement is of fascistic tendency . Starting from 1935, this group takes actions of destabilization of the Republic. The February 13rd 1936, of future members of the Hood make an attempted murder against Leon Blum.

At the end of November 1936, Deloncle meets the general Henri Giraud. Giraud promises its assistance to Deloncle in the event of communist rising and Deloncle announces to him that the cagoulards would line up under its orders in exchange. Very satisfied, Giraud “is obviously of agreement to work with people of the OSARN and wishes the best success with the company of Deloncle and Duseigneur…”.

The Soviet economist Dimitri Navachine is assassinated the January 23rd 1937 close to the door of Auteuil.

The organization exerts also a pitiless repression near its guilty members of indelicacies. Its thus eliminated Leon Jean-Baptiste in October 1936 and Jewish Maurice on February 8th, 1937, probably for financial embezzlements.

The movement weaves bonds with leaders Fasciste S of the government of Benito Mussolini in Italy and convey weapons with the general Francisco Franco in Spain. In exchange, the Hood obtains a financial support. The brothers Carlo and Nello Rosselli, two intellectuals Italian Antifascist S, are thus assassinated the June 9th 1937 on behalf of the intelligence services Fasciste S with Motor-in-the Orne. The CSAR receives weapons of the Italian government n the other hand. In August 1937, it east organizes the destruction at the Toussus-the-Noble aerodrome of of planes intended for the republican Spain.

The September 16th 1937, the grouping causes an bomb attack against the General confederation of French employers (4, rue de Presbourg in Paris) and the Union of metallurgical industries (45, rue Boissière in Paris), with an aim of making show the Communiste S. Two policemen, in faction in front of the buildings, are killed by the explosion.

After the failure of their Coup d'etat in the night of the 15 with the November 16th 1937, the plot is put at the day. The Minister of Interior Department Marx Dormoy makes dismantle the organization as of the end of November. Hiding places of weapons distributed on all the territory are discovered. In 1938, more than one hundred twenty members of the Hood are stopped. That does not make it possible however to completely destroy its ramifications in the economic circles, in particular in the large companies which, according to the General informations and the judicial police, financed the terrorist movement. The July 5th 1941 Marx Dormoy will be assassinated with the hotel of the Relay of the Emperor of Montélimar by former members of the terrorist organization.

During the Second world war

After the armistice of June 1940, several members or sympathizers of the Hood adopted the Vichy government. Among them much of followers of the " France seule" believe in a double game of Pétain. This hope will be dissipated gradually with the meeting of Montoire, then the release of Laval the December 17th 1940.

Jean Filliol
Eugene Deloncle, founder of the revolutionary Social movement (MSR), which then amalgamates with the popular national Rassemblement (RNP) of Marcel Déat.
Joseph Darnand, chief the Hood with Nice, it founded the Service of Order Legionary in northern zone which was prohibited by the German army. Antiallemand at the beginning of the occupation, it tried by twice establishing contacts with London (via Groussard, then Gouvernement of Algiers). Thereafter it was one of the pillars of the Collaboration. Founder of the Militia, it became Obersturmführer of the S, and Secretary with the Maintenance about the Vichy government.
Jean Bassompierre, Member of LVF then of the Division Charlemagne of the Waffen-SS.
Jean-Marie Bouvyer, accessory to the murder of the Brothers Rosselli and chief of the service of investigation of the General police station to the Jewish questions as from April 1944. * the doctor Henri Martin, fascist antiallemand it opposes Laval and Darlan before being imprisoned by Pucheu, it will escape to join the Maquis. It will take part in the release of Lyon then will engage in the 7th American army.
Gabriel Jeantet attached to the cabinet of the Marshal Pétain, it will join resistance later and will be stopped and off-set in 1944.
Simon Arbellot
François Méténier
Yves Dautun
Eugene Schueller
André Bettencourt directs the body of propaganda anti-semite the French Earth , it will join resistance to the beginning 1943.
Jacques Corrèze Member of the LVF

But much of cagoulards were enthusiastic hostile nationalists, antiallemands and with any compromising with the occupant. The fight for the release of the fatherland thus becomes a priority, the more so as in 1940 much see in the mode Nazi (Pacte germano-Soviet) and their allies of Vichy (with personalities like the Socialiste Déat or old the Communiste Doriot) an adventure internationalist, even " of gauche". The reversals of alliance of June 1941 will come too late for those which engaged against the occupant, the more so as the new European crusade against the Bolchevisme of the Nazis will present a supranational aspect not very compatible with the ideology cagoularde.

For these followers of the plot and clandestine action, the Résistance is a natural option. And one will find the old ones of the hood among the first resistant ones:

Claude Hettier de Boislambert, which becomes as of June 1940 a collaborator close relation of the de Gaulle general.
Maurice Duclos also one of the first to join London, had made prison in the years 1930 following a business of traffic of weapon for the CSAR.
Pierre Fourcaud: founder of the Network Brutus. It was designated as a former member of the hood by Duclos, denied it him even before acknowledging in Dewarvin to have formed part of it before leaving it following a violent attack.
Georges Loustaunau-Lacau: founder of the Network Alliance.
Marie-madeleine Fourcade, Leon Faye, François Méténier: members of the network Alliance.
Pierre Bénouville.
Corvisart .
Paul Dungler: founder of the network Seventh column of Alsace.
Alfred Heurteaux: founder of the Network Hector.
Claude Lamirault: joined London in October 1940, will be parachuted to create the Réseau Jade-Fitzroy.
Joseph Pozzo di Borgo, Aristide Corre, Michel Harispe.

Andre Dewavrin, which worked in London with Duclos and Fourcaud was shown by André Labarthe to have belonged to the Hood with the chart n°93. This charge did not prove.

During the war the network of influence of the Hood thus seems to extend at the same time in the middle of the free France and in the mode of Vichy. It is thus for example which the August 20th 1940, Maurice Duclos sent in France by De Gaulle, can meet collaborator close relations of the Petain Marshal via Gabriel Jeantet.

Old the cagoulard Georges Groussard founds the groups of protection of the Pétain marshal but also the resistance network “Gilbert” whereas Jacques Lemaigre-Dubreuil, former financier of the Insurrectionist , the newspaper of the Hood, supports the Giraud general, when Jacques Corrèze, after having fought on the face of the East returns to France within a resistance network.

Post-war period

With the Release, Bouvyer profits from testimony in its favor of François Mitterrand, passed with resistance in 1942. Indeed, Bouvyer hid at his place material and manufactured false paper for the National movement of the prisoners of war, the movement directed by François Mitterrand and Maurice Pinot. Other witnesses, like the captain FFI Maubois, also attested rendered services. Bouvyer tied a personal friendship with F. Mitterrand. At the time of its lawsuit, he affirms to have disavowed his ideas of the years 1930, saying himself ready to denounce all the leaders of the Hood which he knows and even to get along with the formerly detested Communists. The mother of Jean-Marie Bouvyer becomes in 1946 the godmother of Jean-Christophe Mitterrand.

The lawsuit of the Hood took place in 1948.

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