The Holy Alliance

The the Holy Alliance is formed the September 26th 1815 by four victorious European monarchies of the revolutionary France, in order to maintain peace initially, then to protect itself mutually from possible revolutions. Extended to five members with the admission of France in 1818, it was dissolved de facto in 1825 with died of the tsar Alexandre I {{er}}.

Origin

After long the Napoleonean Wars, victorious European monarchies aspire to the peace and the stability of their thrones. The Congress of Vienna having redrawn the chart of Europe, the tsar Alexandre I {{er}} - warned by the experiment of the Hundred Days - proposes the formation of an alliance for the maintenance of stability.

Concluded with Vienna on September 26th 1815 by the victorious royalties from Napoleon (Russia, Austria, Prussia, the United Kingdom (liberal, it will leave alliance quickly)), then joined by the France of Louis XVIII (1818), the Holy Alliance links - theoretically - these countries within the framework of a peaceful Christian union.

But under the impulse of Metternich (congress of Troppau in 1820, congress of Laybach in 1821) and of its assertion of a “right of intervention if the interior situation of a State threatens peace of its neighbors”, it becomes an alliance counter-revolutionary, repressing the contrary Insurrection S and national aspirations with the maintenance of the Ordre of Vienna (Expédition of Spain (1823), Italy, Poland etc). France must thus prove reliable to find its row within the European powers, i.e. to testify to its final rupture with its past of revolutionist. Louis XVIII incarnates this rupture, reconciling the restoration of one Court to old and the installation of a constitution, the Charte.

Following the death of the tsar Alexandre I {{er}}, it has there no more really of the Holy Alliance, but forwardings of maintenance of law and order continue on the initiative of such or such large Monarchie.

Various congresses of the Holy Alliance

Congress of Vienna (1815), Europe redrawn according to the “order of Vienna”, creation of the Holy Alliance

Treated of Paris (1814-1815), demolished French
Congress of Aachen (1818), admission of France to Alliance, and end of its occupation (Alexandre Ier|Alexandre I {{er}}).
Conference of Carlsbad (1819)
Congress of Troppau (1820), assertion of the right of intervention (Metternich)
Congress of Laybach (1821), reaffirmation of the right of intervention and intervention in the Kingdom of Deux-Siciles.
Congress of Magalas (1822), gives for mission to France of intervening in Spain.

Other congresses succeeding it:

Congress of London (1830)

See too

Foreign policy Congress of Vienna
Frenchwoman of 1814 to 1914

Random links:

Vocative | List sovereigns of Monaco | Jose Froilán González | Al Lewis | Bozzole