The French Red Cross - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

History and organization

Leaders

It was directed by:

; Company of Help to the Military Casualties (S.S.B.M.)

1864 - 1869: Marshal Duke of Fézensac
1869 - 1870: General Count Goyon
1870 - 1873: Count de Flavigny
1873 - 1886: Duke of Nemours
1887 - 1893: Marshal Duke of Mac-Mahon
1893 - 1897: Duke of Aumale
1897 - 1903: General Davoud Duke of Auverstaedt
1903 - 1916: Marquis de Vogüe
1916 - 1918: Louis Renault
1918 - 1932: General Pau
1932 - 1940: Marquis de Lillers

; Committee of Ladies S.S.B.M.

1867 - 1869: Madam the Marshal's wife Niel
1869 - 1883: Countess of Flavigny
1883 - 1889: Princess Czartoriska (girl of the Duke of Nemours)
1889 - 1898: Madam the Marshal's wife of Mac-Mahon
1898 - 1907: Duchess of Reggio
1907 - 1923: Countess of Haussonville
1923 - 1926: Marchioness of Montebello
1926 - 1939: Madam the Marshal's wife de Lyautey
1939 - 1940: Miss d' Haussonville

; Association of the Ladies of France (A.D.F.)

1879: Pr Duchaussoy
1880 - 1906: Countess Foucher de Careil
1907 - 1913: Madam Amirale Jaurès
1913 - 1925: Mrs Ernest Carnot
1925 - 1940: Countess of Galard
1940: Mrs Maurice de Wendel

; Union of the Women of France

1881 - 1906: Mrs Koechlin Schwartz
1906 - 1921: Mrs Suzanne Perugia
1921 - 1927: Mrs Henri Galli
1927 - 1938: Mrs Barbier Hugo
1938 - 1940: Mrs Saint Rene Tallandier

; The French Red Cross

1940 - 1941: Pr Louis Pasteur Vallery-Radot
1941 - 1942: Pr Bazy
1942 - 1944: Marquis Gabriel de Mun
1944 - 1945: Count J. of Bourbon Musset
1945: Pr louis Justin Besancon
1946 - 1947: General doctor Inspector Sice
1947 - 1955: Georges Brouardel
1955 - 1967: Ambassador Andre François Poncet
1967 - 1969: General Doctor Inspector Debenedetti
1969 - 1978: Master Marcellin Carraud
1979 - 1983: Ambassador Jean-Marie Soutou
1984 - 1989: Ambassador Louis Dauge
1989 - 1992: Georgina Dufoix
1992 - 1994: Andre Delaude
1997 - 2003: Pr Marc Gentilini
2004 -: Pr Jean-François Mattei

Significant events

The " Movement Cross-Rouge" arrive in France in 1864, with creation, under the presidency of the Marshal-Duke of Montesquiou-Fenzac and under the impulse of Henri Dunant itself, of the French company of Help to the Military Casualties (SSBM). This company is recognized by the Committee International of Help to the Casualties, created the previous year per Henri Dunant and agent of the emblem (Geneva Convention of 1864). As its name indicates it, its goal is initially to deal with the Militaire S put out of combat at the time of conflicts on the French territory. She is recognized of public utility in 1866. She will unfortunately receive very quickly her " baptism of the feu" , since the Guerre free-Prussian bursts in 1870 and is followed in 1871 one insurrectionary period to Paris initially then in various French cities (" the Commune ").

A first scission takes place in 1879, when is created the Association of the Ladies of France, directed by Professor Duchaussoy. Its goal is the formation of Infirmière S. In 1881, a new bipartition gives birth to, under the impulse of Emma Koechlin-Shwartz, the Union of the Women of France (UFF), which with the characteristic to be exclusively directed by women. These two associations intervene mainly with the civilians, and this same in times of peace. They are also recognized by the International committee like belonging to the " Movement Cross-Rouge" , and can thus use the emblem.

Starting from 1907, on the initiative of Suzanne Pérouze, then President of the UFF, is created a body common of direction to three associations. It takes for name Central committee of the French Red Cross (CCCRF). It is composed of four delegated SSBM, two of the ADF and two of the UFF. The director of the SSBM assumes of right the chairmanship of it.

The risings of the the Seine and the the Loire of 1910 will be the occasion of the first operations of scale in times of peace and with the profit of the populations civilians, of the lodging houses are set up, of food aid and distributed clothing.

But soon the First World War bursts, and the SSBM takes again the way of the battle fields. On the face, it sets up " ambulances chirurgicales". With the back, the two ADF and UFF are not in remainder: organization of military hospitals (approximately 1400 at the end of the conflict), training and framing of 68000 nurses, installation of barge-ambulances for the part medical care, but also creation of Sanatorium S, canteens of stations, of sewing rooms, assistances to the soldiers (parcel), opening of an agency of the prisoners of war (1.5 million listed cards), and also subscription to help the departments of the Aisne and Oise released in 1917.

End 1918, peace returns, and the inter-war period starts. France must bandage its wounds, the CCCRF thus decides to make carry its actions on the assistance to the rebuilding, but also on the plagues of the time: the Tuberculosis, venereal diseases, infant mortality. The nurses will have to also fight against the epidemic of Spanish Grippe. In 1938, a consultative body, the National council of the French Red Cross, is charged to study the relative questions with the relationship between the Red Cross and the State.

At this point in time the Second world war bursts. During the period of combat, the Red Cross reiterates its actions of 1914-1918. Then come from only one blow the defeat, the Occupation and the introduction of the French State. In August 1940, 3 companies (SSBM, ADF and UFF) amalgamate under the current name of the French Red Cross. The armed conflict having ceased, the activities of war leave room to the actions of assistance to the civil populations, suffering of the problems of provisioning due to the occupation of the territory by an always belligerent army and thus needing enormously for resources to support its effort of war. The CRF is seen entrusting the actions to the profit of the children (thin layers and food first-age). It is also in charge of the assistance to the civilians in the camps until in 1942, date on which it is seen withdrawing this activity with the profit of the State. In 1942, the emergency Teams , ancestors of the Équipes First-aid workers are created to face the destruction due to the Bombardement S and later for the unloadings and the releases of towns of France (100 permanent rescue stations ensured during the release of Paris). They are made up of Brancardier S, first-aid workers and nurses. One will count to 145000 team-members, including 35000 for the Paris region. In parallel, the conductingones (body created in 1939) ensure transport of the patients and others wounded then at the end of the war they will ensure the repatriation of some 60000 deportees. When 1945 arrives and the Paix, the French Red Cross lost 414 people including 294 nurses, it counts also 117 wounded and of tens of deportees. An ordinance of the April 27th of this year confirms the new organization of the CRF like its recognition of public utility. Its flag is decorated about the Legion with Honor and the Military Cross with palm (mention in dispatches) for its actions as Auxiliaire with the Department of health to the Armies.

Since, the CRF was of all the great events where a social action, humane or first-aid worker was to be carried out.

Organization

The French Red Cross belongs to the 185 National companies of the Red Cross and the Red Crescent recognized by the International federation of the Companies of the Red Cross and Red Crescent (FICR). It must thus respect the Basic principles of the Red Cross.

The Board of directors (CA) is composed of 31 members with deliberative voice, of which 28 are elected by the General meeting and 3 are named by the Council of State, the Ordre of the Doctors and the Académie of Medicine. In addition, are indicated by various ministries and trade unions of the members with advisory voice. The mandate of CA is four years the members being able to be elected only three times. He elects the President of the French Red Cross which directs then Association according to the decisions taken by CA the president is voluntary under the articles. The President is based on the Central services, made up of professionals, and who control the Establishments (hospital, old people's homes…) and the voluntary ones manage. They count eight directions: Human resources, Operations of Solidarity, Operations International, Establishments, Formation, Community life, Communication/development of the resources, Finances, Budget and Control of managements.

To promote its action near the public and to enable him to call upon the gift in confidence, association adheres to the Comité of the Charter.

The professional sector

The Central services manage more 500 establishments in medical and/or social matters, as well as a National center of Formation (first aid and voluntary international missions). The delegations also employ a great number of people, in a great number of activities (secretariat, nurses in residence, first aid, etc) All confused sectors, the CRF employs more than 16.000 paid.

In each department exists a professional training center continuous. This last with for goal in particular to train the employees of company to first aid (PSC1 and ST in great majority with recyclings every year). The teaching of the Rescue First aid of Work is carried out under approval of the CRAM, the latter authorizing the CRF has to train and recycle its own trainers.

The CDFP can also cover several departments when the latter people or of paid few companies to be formed.

There also exists in certain departments (Hauts-de-Seine e.g.) a " service jeunesse". This last with for goal to train the pupils with first aid within the schools and colleges. Indeed this category of population does not belong to continuing professional education nor to the sector general public. (except CAPE, BEP and Bac Pro, which them will concern the formation ST).

In the long term, this service will not take place any more to be since a law has just come into force concerning the obligatory training of any child provided education for to the gestures of first aid (OJ of the circular 7/16/2006 n°2006-085 of the 5/24/2006) and (D312-40 articles, 41 and 42 of the code of education). This formation will be carried out in two times. The first acquisition with the gestures urgently followed to the college of obtaining PSC1 (in the past AFPS) installation by the school. The trainers " devraient" to be professors of the aforesaid the school.

Let us note that the CDFP deal with the trainings in Companies, days and weeks whereas the committee buildings cannot intervene in the companies near the employees and thus give the trainings in weekend and/or evenings.

Obviously the tariffs of formation are different between the sector from professional training (addressing itself to the companies) and the sector general public (addressing itself to the private individuals). Indeed on a side the formation is ensured by voluntary trainers and other by professional trainers.

The associative sector

But the CRF, it is above all the voluntary ones. They are more than 100.000, including 15.000 first-aid workers. They are present on all the French territory.

Regional coordination

As its name indicates it, it has a role of coordination of the whole of the delegations of the various departments of an administrative area. It intervenes especially at the time of operations of great scales concerning several departments of its competence. It is directed by a Regional Coordinateur and its team of assistants.

Departmental delegation

She manages the whole of the means and personnel departmental. She is directed by a Departmental president, which receives a delegation of powers of the National president to represent the CRF in its department. The president is elected by the members of the council of departmental delegation composed of elected officials and representatives of the local delegations and qualified people.

The departmental delegation is divided into two directions: the Departmental management of the Actions of Solidarity and the Departmental management of the Urgency, of the First aid, directed, each one, by a director named by the Departmental president. It is competent on all activities CRF in its department.

It has a role of bond between the local delegations and the Central services, manages the vehicle fleet of the department, coordinates, animates and controls the delegation local, is the interlocutor of the prefectoral authorities. She also orders at the time of events of departmental level where the presence of a great number of team-members is necessary. Sometimes she animates a Departmental Team of Rapid intervention (logistic team).

Local delegations

They are approximately a thousand through France, and represent the base of the flow chart, all the voluntary ones belong to the one of it. Directed by a President (elected), animated by the Local Director of the Urgency and First aid (DLUS) and the Formation on the one hand and by the Local Director of the Operations of Solidarity on the other hand, it is they which " assurent" , through their voluntary, the daily missions of the CRF. They are autonomous financially, have their own buildings and materials. Namely that at the time of the next elections (at the beginning of 2008), a plan of regrouping of the delegations will be set up. The purpose of it is to reduce the costs of management by reducing the number of local delegations, and by the creation of local antennas.

Actions of the CRF

In all its actions, the CRF must respect 7 Basic principles of the International Movement the Red Cross. It intervenes everywhere where it thinks of being able to bring something, without discrimination, political judgment and in all independence.

Urgency and first aid

Formation with first aid

The CRF forms each year: 200000 people with first aid, either by an Initiation with first aid (IPS), or by the formation with first aid (PSC1, in the past AFPS). All the local delegations propose this type of formation.

For those which wish to specialize or become voluntary first-aid worker, the CRF ensures the internal training of its team-members, in particular by PSE2 (First aid equips level 2 with it, in the past CFAPSE). It is the same diploma that the firemen have for the help with victims.

Preventive devices of help

The French Red Cross ensures the behavior of preventive devices of help (stations rescue known as local is PSL). He fall the public health of the events. According to the event, number of people present, known risks, the CRF will adjust its device to ensure its mission as well as possible. For that, it makes use of a Grill of Evaluation of the Risks (in the past CARSO (Notebook of analysis of the risks and operational follow-up)).

With this grid one obtains a coefficient called LAUGH which depends on the number of awaited people, of the geography of the ground and the duration of the rescue station. Thus one knows which type of device is best adapted to the demonstration. However the experiment is always a sure value and on certain stations where textually a PAPS would be enough it preferable of is placed a team of first-aid workers.

; The minimal device, the point of alarm and first aid (PAPS) Composed of two team-members first-aid workers (PSE 2) or of a team-member first-aid worker (PSE 2) and of a qualified rescuer (PSE 1) and possibly of a logistician (PSC1). Their material corresponds to the Batch B. (a batch of first aid and a batch of oxygen treatment + DSA)

; The device of small scale One to two rescue squads (correspondent with four team-member-first-aid workers (PSE 2) of which one is at least titular of the Chief of intervention (Ci) (future Foreman)).

; The device of average scale Three teams, a rescue squad.

; The device of great scale Beyond the device of average scale.

In all the cases of figure, a delegation which wouldn't manage to ensure a DPS (?), fact call to the other delegations.

In the case, device of average and great scale, the DPS is often a departmental DPS, even national for largest (for example JMJ with Longchamps), i.e. calling upon voluntary and average logistics of all the department or the French territory. It is in particular the case for giant turnip-parts, concerts, world cup sporting, etc

Networks of Help

In several departments of Ile-de-France (Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, the Valley-of-Marne, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-d'Oise the French Red Cross takes part in the emergency helps as a team of 1 intervention by putting at the service SAMU after the call of a private individual. So the French Red Cross intervenes in residence and/or on the public highway as well as BSPP (firemen). These interventions are done with a vehicle of the type VSAV/ASM. The crew is composed of a titular driver of the license ambulance, of a chief of intervention (Ci) and three team-members Secouriste. The networks of help take place the evenings of week, weekends (in 3 X 8:00) and bank holidays for the departments of the Small Crown but the weekends and bank holidays alone with regard to the Val-d'Oise.

Urgency

Following the example others associations of first aid, the Red Cross takes part with the public authorities in the organization of the helps in the event of natural disasters or technological. Present on all the national territory, she works in collaboration with the professionals of the emergency services (Civil security, firemen, Samu) and takes part in the devices set up by the Public authorities. Thanks to its 15 000 first-aid workers who lay out of more than 540 specialized vehicles (ASM: Mobile antenna Specialized) and in a telecommunication network and autonomous alarm guaranteeing their mobilization on the spot, it acts in the event of catastrophes, which they are natural (Inondation S), accidental (derailment, air crash landing, road or highway accident), but also in the accompaniment of the public.

Can be to him entrusted the installation:

of a Advanced medical post;
of the logistics of a Cell urgently médico-psychological;
of a noria of evacuation;
of an emergency lodging house;
of a “living area” for the speakers;
of any other activity useful and remaining in its principles.
of a plan snows (supply of the truck drivers for example)

Solidarity

Social Samu

The French Red Cross manages 56 SAMU-social in France, which places at the disposal approximately 1500 places of Hébergement. The activity is varied there: management of the places, reception, petty thievings, standard " 115" , etc It also takes part in the reinforcement thesocial ones which is not managed by it, throughout the year or only in period of large-colds. At the end of 2006 and at the beginning of 2007, the French Red Cross opened and managed several CHU (emergency Lodging house) in Parisian suburbs.

Food aid

The French Red Cross, by the action of its Local Delegations, manages approximately 240 food antennas. It takes part in that in the distribution of food the most stripped in. In the " Sociales" grocers; (approximately 35), in partnership with the social services and agreement with the recipients, it sells at low-costs (from 10% to 50% of the actual value following the state of need for the recipient) of the foodstuffs. As in Vesti' shops, this action makes it possible to break with the pure logic of assistantship and to facilitate a " Re-socialisation" more stripped.

Vestimentary assistance

In this branch of industry, the French Red Cross chose to develop two concepts: the cloakroom and the Vesti-shop.

The cloakrooms are a symbolic system activity of the French Red Cross, the recipients are seen there giving, as breakdown service, free or against a participation symbolic system, clothing in good state, sorted by the voluntary ones, but that they really do not choose.

In Vesti' shops, evolution of the cloakroom, the recipient chooses, tests and pays its clothing, as in any store, with this ready that the price is very moderate. The objective is to restore the dignity of the recipients, while ensuring the urgency, since the people in great precariousness can ask for the exemption from payment.

Action in prison medium

The French Red Cross signed with the Prison authorities a convention-partnership in 1999. Its action in prison medium is varied: " The Red Cross Listens to Détenus" , formation with first aid, reception of the families on standby to the visiting room, participation at several commissions of the penal establishments, installation of cultural activities and sporting bound for the prisoners, etc It aims at the maintenance of the family ties, the improvement of the living conditions in detention, the preparation of the coming out of prison then the insertion of the former prisoners.

The French Red Cross accommodates also approximately a thousand of people condemned to Works of general interest.

Action in the ailing districts

With the program moderating urban , the French Red Cross is present in the ailing districts. It makes it possible to restore the contact with the populations in difficulty and to allow has the long-term an accompaniment.

The Red Cross Listens

Croix-Rouge Écoute is a service of assistance and free and anonymous psychological support created in 1988. Its goal is to listen, comfort, advise any person in distress. It with a vocation general practitioner. This service is animated by qualified people.

Illiteracy

151 local delegations developed this activity. It can take various faces: school accompaniment, workshops of Elimination of illiteracy, course of " French foreign language " , but also public writer, assistances for the administrative documents, etc

Humane International law

The French Red Cross seeks to make the promotion of the Humane International law through the installation of two plays: Limito and the Raid Cross-country race. Limito is a standard board game Jeu of the goose with questions, and of which the goal is not to arrive first, but to make the course (representing a situation of war) by respecting the Humane International law. He addresses himself to children from 8 to 14 years. The Raid Cross-country race is a roleplay of great scale, rather intended for the outdoor, in which the players imitate situations of wars and must act in the respect of the Humanitarian right or denounce its nonapplication. He addresses himself to children from 12 to 18 years.

Polemics

Like all the great organizations, the French Red Cross can present specific problems of management.

But the point which poses problem regularly is relating to the principles even of the Red Cross, and in particular the principle of independence and neutrality. It is a problem primarily involved in the representatives, thus by many observers are astonished to see in the leader authorities of the political personalities (Georgina Dufoix, Jean-François Mattei) or of the national leaders of media (Etienne Mougeotte).

The end of the year 2005, one also reproached the Red Cross for having closed three center located in Seine-Saint-Denis (Blanc-Mesnil, Drancy and Epinay-sur-Seine), for reason budgetary; association denounced the absence of subsidy on behalf of the territorial collectivities, but those contradicted to have received requests for subsidy. It had to reopen them with the beginning of the year 2006 under the pressure of the ministry for Health.

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