See also: the Eastern Indies

The the Eastern Indies Dutchwomen or more simply the Indies Dutchwomen (Dutch: Nederlands-Indië ; Indonésien: Hindia Belanda ) is the name that the Netherlands gave to the whole of the islands which they controlled in Southeast Asia until the Second world war. August 17th, 1945, those proclaim their independence under the name of République of Indonesia. The Netherlands will recognize this independence only on December 27th, 1949, at the end one period of armed conflict and diplomatic.

History

See also: History of Indonesia

At the 16th century, in Europe, one gram of Clove is worth more than one gram of Or. Europeans, whose provisioning of spice S depends on the Middle East, seek an direct access in the islands which produce them.

The Portuguese are the first to find the sea route which connects Europe to Asia by circumventing the Cape. In 1511, Afonso de Albuquerque takes Malacca, the most important wearing of Southeast Asia. From this base, the Portuguese settle gradually with the Moluques, the islands with so much coveted spices.

The Dutchmen are not long in discovering the road by the Cape. In 1592, the first forwarding, directed by J.H. van Linschoten and Cornelis de Houtman, reached the producing sultanate of Pepper of Banten in the west of the island of Java. This first voyage enables them to make a modest benefit.

The VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Company or Dutch Compagnie of the Eastern Indies is founded in 1600. In 1605, it occupies an extremely Portuguese first in Moluques. Eager to control the trade of pepper towards Europe, the VOC takes Jayakarta, a small vassal fortified town of Banten, in 1619 and rename it " Batavia" in the honor of their Batavian ancestors .

In 1641, the Dutchmen take Malacca with the Portuguese. They occupy Kupang, an establishment protugais in the west of Timor, in 1653. The Portuguese are maintained in the is island.

At the 17th century, the Kingdom of Gowa in the southern of Célèbes threat the hegemony which the Dutchmen want to impose in the east of the archipelago indonésien. Gowa ends up being overcome. During the 18th century, Java is the theaters of wars of succession which push the VOC to intervene. It forces the Javanese princes to sign in 1755 the treaty of Giyanti, which devotes Dutch sovereignty on Java.

In 1795, in front of the invasion of the French troops, the Stadhouder Guillaume V of Orange-Nassau takes refuge in England and request with its administrators to yield the Dutch territories to England so that they do not fall to the hands from the French.

The VOC falls in bankruptcy in 1799, mined by corruption and bad management. Its credits are taken again by the Dutch government.

• 1808-11: the governor-general Daendels, named by Louis Bonaparte, then king of Holland, makes build large the " road postale" ( postweg ) which connects Anyer, on the west coast of Java, in Panarukan on the east coast
• 1811-14: Thomas Stamford Raffles is lieutenant-governor of Java
• 1824: Treaty of London of 1824 between the English and the Dutchmen. The control of the territories asserted by Europeans in the south of Singapore returns to the Dutchmen
• 1825-30: War of Java
• XIXe century: beginning of the economic exploitation of Java, tender of the others indigenous States
• 1871: Treaty of Sumatra
• 1908: end of the conquest of Bali, official end of the War of Aceh.
• Beginning of the XXe century: birth and rise of the nationalist movement
• 1942: unloading of the Japanese in the Indies Dutchwomen
• 1945: proclamation of independence, Soekarno appointed first president
• 1945-49: Revolusi , period of military and diplomatic confrontation with the Netherlands
• 1949: transfer of sovereignty on the territory of the Indies Dutchwomen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands to a Republic of the United States of Indonesia

Slavery

The Dutch colony of the Cape imported slaves coming from Indonesia as of the XVIIe century. But of the African slaves were also sent towards Indonesia. VOC organized a draft for the plantations of nutmegs in Célèbes and the gold mines of Sumatra.

Colonial wars

The Anglo-Dutch war of Java (1810 - 1811)

The war of Padri (1821 - 1837)

See also: War of Padri

The war of Java (1825 - 1830)

See also: War of Java

The war of Aceh (1873 - 1904)

See also: War of Aceh

The “national alarm clock” (1908 - 1942)

May 20th, 1908, R.M. Wahidin Soedirohoesodo (1852-1917), a Javanese doctor with the retirement, founds the Boedi Oetomo (" the intelligence suprême" in Javanese), with like ambition raising the condition of the Javanese at the same time by the acquisition of Western knowledge and the study of their own culture. The government indonésien declared this date " day of the alarm clock national" ( Hari Kebangkitan Nasional ).

In 1911, merchants of Batik Javanese, eager to link their forces vis-a-vis the wholesalers Chinese, found Sarekat Islam.

Japanese occupation

The archipelago was invaded in 1942 at the time of the Campagnes of the Pacific by the Japan eager to be made main of these raw materials.

Autoritées Japanese feeling that they would lose the war helped the independence movements in the territories which they controlled for géner the return of Europeans.

The 5th brigade of the the 6th British airborne division to take part in the maintenance of law and order against the nationalist forces indonésiennes which tried to prevent the return of the Dutchmen in the colony. That Ci left Java after the arrival of consequent forces of the Royal army Dutchwoman in April 1946.

The Revolusi (1945-49)

Administration

See also: Kingdoms and principalities of Indonesia

Economic aspect and policy of colonization

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