See also: Country house
the Country house-Clairence , Bastida in Basque, is a common French, located in the department of the Yrénées-Atlantiques and the area Aquitaine.
Classified among the " More beautiful Villages of France" , this Navarrese country house is located in the Basque province of Low-Navarre.
The inhabitants are Bastidots and Bastidotes ( bastidar out of Basque).
Geography
Hydrography
The commune is crossed by the Joyeuse, the Arbéroue and by the affluent of this last, the brook of Jouan de Pès.
Localities and hamlets
-
Pessarou (or Pessarrou)
- the Coast
- the Vault
- Touron
Communes bordering
Toponymy
The toponym the Country house-Clairence appears in the forms Bastida nueva of Clarenza (1312, titles of Camara de Comptos), the Country house of Clarence (1364, titles of Navarre), the Country house and Bastida de Clarença (respectively 1380 and 1398, collection Duchesne volume CXIV), the Country house of Clarensse (1422, notaries of Oloron), Bastida de Clarencia (1513, titles of Pampelune), the Country house of Clerance (1665, payment of the States de Navarre) and Beata Maria of the Country house of Clerence (1767, collations of the diocese of Bayonne).
History
This Navarrese country house founded was created in 1288 per Claire de Rabastens, on a slope in edge of the river Aran, from where its Gascon name Bastida de Clarença.800 refugees coming mainly from Bigorre, see themselves granting a charter in July 1312, by Louis I of Navarre , future Louis X Hutin . The birth of this village corresponds to a need for the Navarre for creating a strong city in this wooded frontier zone. The Country house-Clairence, as its name indicates it, is a strong city. The historian Paul Broca still sees there the remainders of its old and powerful fortress in 1875.
The Country house-Clairence accommodates little by little a commercial population come from the south-west of France then refugees of Spain fleeing the Inquisition, and of the Basques of the cities and villages in the neighborhoods. Another version concerning the origin of the city exists. This one would have been populated of colonists resulting from different backgrounds and in particular from pilgrims of Saint-Jacques-to-Compostelle called the francos.
About 1700, the population is of 2 000 communicants. The inhabitants live industry of the nail factory, clothes industry of woolen articles and hosiery and agriculture. Some 12 day old fairs ensure the prosperity of the city.
So in XVIe century the inhabitants do not speak the Basque, but the Gascon, little by little they adopt the Basque language and habits. The city counts at the XVIIe century 320 houses and of the mills. On 1575 to 1789, the Country house of Clairence depends on the lords of Gramont.
The city counts an important Jewish community after the expulsion of the Portuguese Jews.
Today still, the place of the Arches and its houses with Colombage S accommodate many craftsmen of Article Among these very typical houses, one distinguishes two architectural tendencies:
- the style labourdin, with houses with Pinion wall, gable roof, frontage in half-timbering of red or green color on Corbelling S, windows with Mullion X and lintel X carved.
- a style of Navarrese houses with roof with 4 slopes and doors in arc of vault.
The commune, formerly called Labastide-Clairence , was renamed the Country house-Clairence on June 25th, 1988.
The community Jew
It lasted approximately 200 years, of the beginning of the 17th century at the end of the 18th century.
Refugees come from Spain and especially from the Portugal, of the Jews Séfarade S settled at the end of the 16th century with Bayonne, from where they essaimèrent in the three small towns of Peyrehorade (where the lord of Aspremont accommodates them), of Bidache and Country house-Clairence where the duke protects from Gramont.
Often called “Portuguese”, the Jews counted in the country house of about 70 to 80 families at the XVIIe century. They there lived in a relatively autonomous community indicated by the expression of “Jewish Nation” on the registers of the Body of City and had a cemetery distinct from the Christian cemetery which was opened at the beginning of the XVIIe century.
The inscriptions related to the tombs, 62, were raised of 1962 with 1964 by professor Gerard Nahon. Oldest fall the date of 1620, most recent of 1785. On 18 of them, the date of the death is expressed in the Hebrew Calendrier. Starting from 1659, all the first names are biblical: Jacob, Isaac, Benjamin, Esther, Sarah, Rebecca. Among family names appear Dacosta, Henriquez, Lopez, Nunez, Depas, Alvares.
The number of the Jews fell clearly in the middle of the XVIIIe century, where one counts nothing any more but one about fifteen Jewish families. There remained about it nothing any more but six in 1798.
The cemetery belongs to the Consistory Jew of Bayonne.
Heraldic
Administration
Intercommunality
The common one takes part in ten inter-commune structures:-
Nive-Adour-Ursuia Mixed trade-union for the development of the Countries of Hasparren and Adour
- SIVU Erreka Berriak
- Intercommunity association for the management of the center Txakurrak
- Intercommunity association for the artisanal zone of Ayherre
- Trade union for the artisanal zone Etxecolu with Bardos
- Mixed trade-union Garbiki
- Trade union for the support for the Basque culture
- Adour-Ursuia Trade union of cleansing not-collective
- Trade union AEP of Arberoue
- departmental Trade union of electrification.
Demography
2006: provisional population of INSEE.
Economy
The activity of the commune is mainly agricultural.
Culture and inheritance
- Races pedestrian in May
- local Festivals with Encierro at the end of July.
- Gone potter in September.
Civil inheritance
Religious heritage
- the old Jewish cemetery
- the Notre-Dame church of the Assumption of the 14th century with a Romance porch opening on a cemetery-courtyard. This church contains a table of the XVIIIe century, showing the Virgin and the Jesus Child honoured by Jean-Baptiste saint, saint François-with Assise and two other saints.
Environmental inheritance
Equipment
The commune has two elementary schools.
Personalities related to the commune
- Jean de Liçarrague, born with Briscous in 1506 and deceased in Labastide-Clairence in 1601, translated the first version of the New Testament into Basque or will euskara .
| Random links: | Pied-noir (Amerindian people) | Season LNH 1960-1961 | Twi | Écoconception | Marius Gonin |