In Literature, a test is a work of reflection discussing of a subject given according to the point of view of the author. Contrary to the study, the test can be Polémique or partisan. It is a literary Genre which lends itself well to the philosophical reflection, but there are also tests in other fields: historical tests, scientific tests, political tests, etc…

The author of a test is called essay writer. The term “test” is derived from the Latin exagium , a weight or measuring device.

History

The kind of the tests exists since the Antiquité. This kind was made famous at the 16th century for Michel de Montaigne. In its Tests , it tackles many subjects of study from the strictly personal point of view. It was often noticed that it attached such an importance to this angle of incidence that it described there by the detail its own feelings, perceptions and, sometimes, its diseases. But this approach enables him to found an extremely fertile philosophical reflection. It launches a kind which will inspire to the English philosopher and politician Francis Bacon of the Essais of morals and policy (1597).

Goal of the test

First of all, the test is a speech. The author assumes his word, wishes to discover it. He gives himself voice while passing by the way of the text.
  • to give voice: to say the things and any thing, to create its own direction and to propose it (to be located).
  • a voice given to the other: the test is a writing at the same time close to the ego and altruist who can be at the same time very realistic or completely utopian or idealistic (desire of communication).
  • the voice of the text: the text will reveal the direction, as the majority of the literary writings (the presence of implicit is a characteristic of the literary language).
    • to write to say, know the world.
    • to write to comment on and explain reality.
    • to write to specify its place in the world and to give its vision of the world.
    • an experiment, a birth, in philosophy: a phenomenology (individual conscience in the world which aims at joining a vaster knowledge)
    • a writing which aims at a knowledge: to know in and with the world. To be discovered by specifying its thought = in the text even that will generate a form of wandering, a center and digressions (personal ideological text).

Engagement (political, social, human, existential, vital) ===

  • glance on reality, choice of the subject, the choice of the language and the form of the test
  • to question itself.
  • to explore reality concrete, historical, social, universal, personal
  • freedom of expression and of subject (of banal with crucial, of the trifle to essence)
  • not exhaustive = a search, a proposal, more than one exhaustive research.
  • a point of view, seduction
  • perception which suggests even in its desire saying or to make known with the other - concept of message

In the text

  • Large variety in the expression, one can find Soliloque, argumentation, evocation, information, criticism, description, portrait, narration, Anecdote, Maxime, thought, examples or illustrations, dialog, etc All this is mixed.

See too

Internal bonds

External bonds

  • the test on the Magister site.
  • Definition of the Agora

Be-X-old: Эсэ Simple: Essay

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