Terminology lacanienne

This article briefly presents the many terms of the Psychanalyste French Jacques Lacan.

Richnesses

The concepts of Lacan are pressed on many philosophical works (like those of Lévinas), scientists (for example the Géométrie) or of history of sciences (Alexandre Koyré) and of novels (like those of Marguerite Duras) coming to reinterrogate the projections freudiennes. To follow the evolution of their development makes it possible to be located in the work of Lacan, which has, in spite of its will of orthodoxy, inaugurated a school of the psychoanalysis: the Lacanisme. This one must be included/understood like a second reading of Freud to the ell of the Structuralisme.

Return to Freud

Rather than to propose theoretical projections which would exceed the Métapsychologie Sigmund Freud, Lacan wants to carry out a return to Freud ; in this direction the terminology lacanienne does not propose a new theory of the Psychanalyse.

“ is with you to be lacaniens, if you want. Me, I am freudien. ” Seminar of Caracas , 1980

The expression of return to Freud appears in the middle of the years 1950: " the direction of the return to Freud, it is a return within the meaning of Freud " .

Cartographies

To cut out phases in the evolution of the thought of Lacan is inevitably arbitrary, perhaps is it possible to objectively give an account of formulas which appear.

In the Fifties, Lacan starts to use diagrams and graphs. The first topological model is presented in 1962; between 1966 and 1969, Lacan wonders about the impossibility of the sexual relation. The second topology is elaborate in 1972, but, since 1971, Lacan announces the creation of the mathème .

From a point of view more engaged as for the system of thought, years 1950 see the first application of linguistics to the psychoanalysis; this model founds a new comprehension of the symbolic system which will be comparison with the father soon, then which will make it possible to criticize the Object-relationship.
In the years 1960, reality becomes again a privileged object of study; in the imaginary triad, symbolic system and reality, reality becomes the first member. It is the time of discovered object has and the formulas of the sexuation.

It should be noted that the majority of these concepts will evolve/move, they form what it calls a shoring - it is not a question simply of a list of theories growing rich, and to follow the evolution of the thought-lacan becomes complex about it.

Years 1940

In 1936, Lacan starts to study the philosophy of Hegel, which will become so influential thereafter.

This same year, it exposes the Mirror stage. the mirror stage is the moment when the child starts to recognize his own image, reflected in the mirror; in this development of the specular image, Lacan borrows from the ethology Konrad Lorenz and from work of Henri Wallon on the behavior in front of the mirror.

In 1938, Lacan studies, for the French encyclopedia, the family Complexes, of which the complex of intrusion. It comes to its first questions about the place from the father .

1950-1954

In 1950, Lacan theorizes the meaning . The Inconscient is structured like a Langage. Lacan is thus structuralist and is based on work of Ferdinand de Saussure. It takes again the linguistic Signe, but states of it the primacy of the meaning , sometimes pure, i.e. Représentation of thing without meant particular, but whose the meant general one is the Désir and the castration. Meaning of Lacan is different from that of Saussure: it translates the term Vorstellungrepräsentanz of Freud, which indicates the representative of the representation (see Representative-representation). It is thus a representation of thing, which corresponds rather, at Saussure, with the concept of meant.

There are thus several levels: meaning saussurien (representation of word, sound or visual image); the Vorstellungrepräsentanz , or meaning lacanien; the representation; the object. Meant the saussurien corresponds thus to the unit Vorstellungrepräsentanz + representation, i.e. Lacan cuts out meant the saussurien in two parts. Consequently, one includes/understands the idea of meaning pure: they are the representations of thing which form the contents of the unconscious one, and which constitute a network of significances independently of very meant (object).
A formula will come: " One meaning, it is what represents a subject for another meaning. "

Lacan takes again the concepts freudiens of displacement and condensation under the names, respectively, of Métonymie and Métaphore. Before him, an author there had tested, but had brought closer the metaphor and the metonymy to manner contrary.
The metonymy indicates an object by part of this object, for example, my desire of strawberries makes me salivate with the sight of the sheets of strawberry plants . The Displacement (psychoanalysis), in the dream-work, would be equivalent of a metonymy.
The metaphor is the designation of an object by another. For example a dream of balloons which would mean desire of centres. Condensation, in the dream, accumulates several elements in manifest element, which it will be necessary to analyze in order to update several unconscious associations.

In 1951, it is the first appearance of the Nom of the Father , that is to say the father like function symbolic system. It is then a question of writing it in the singular; the Name of the Father is a refusal which the child enjoys the mother.

But it is in the seminar of 1953-1954 that Lacan introduces clearly the order symbolic system . The year 1953 is also that of the first speech of Rome.

1955-1959

The seminar of 1954-1955 way the formalization of the Intersubjectivity which is then the Schéma L; that Ci presents the Grand Other and the Sujet of unconscious the like the two essential ones ignored in the relation of Ego with similar, of the ego to the alter ego.
Lacan works on the stolen letter , text of Edgar Allan Poe which proves to be an unhoped-for material coming to clarify the circulation of meaning.
Reality continues already like a fertile source for the psychoanalyst: reality is what returns, without crack, this what makes return, in opposition to the imaginary one and with meaning which moves.

In 1955-1956, Lacan works on the psychoses. However, its thesis studied already the report/ratio of paranoia to the personality, and the application of the psychoanalysis to the psychoses is one of the essential features of the approach of Jacques Lacan.

In the seminar entitled the object-relationship, critical Ego-psychology lives, in the years 1956-1957, Lacan distinguishes three forms from the lack, posing frustration like occulting the deprivation, and especially castration.

It applies the categories of reality, symbolic system and imaginary to the father: Lacan thus differentiates a real father (i.e. the parent), a father symbolic system (which is worth like function) and an imaginary father. It is the case of small the Hans who occupies the major part of the Seminar.

In the years 1957-1958, Lacan radicalizes its design in the diagram R, which shows the reality taken between the imaginary one and the symbolic system.
The father appears like a metaphor.

1960-1965

1960 the graph of the desire. The punch. The Objet has.

1962 First topological model (Ribbon of Möbius (or bandages of Moebius), Tore, Cross course)

1963 Names of the Father (pluralisation)

1964 four fundamental concepts of the psychoanalysis

the real one has a clean register: the impossible one.
the desire of the analyst. Challenge of therapeutic alliance.
It has only one resistance there: that of the analyst.

1966-1971

1966 Speeches of Rome There is no sex act. The Not of capiton.

1967 the master key is proposed and applied as from October 1969.

1971 Mathème, theory of the four speeches.

After 1972

1972 Node borroméen (second topological model)

72-73 the noneasily deceived ones wander. Y' has one.

1974 the third (Rome Communication)

1975 the Sinthome

1978 Lacan notes the failure of the passes.

References

Lacanisme
School freudienne of Paris

Random links: