Tensiometer
A tensiometer , or sphygmomanometer is used to measure the blood Pressure. The term derives from the Greek sphygmus (pulse) associated with Manomètre. This apparatus was invented by the Italian doctor Scipione Riva Rocci, in 1896. In 1905, Korotkoff is the first to allow a rather precise measurement so that one can diagnose hypertension. It takes again the sphygmomanometer of Rivetted Rocci to which it adds the use of a stethoscope on the artery brachiale which makes it possible to hear noises much more precise. The first heard noise corresponds to the measurement of the systolic pressure, largest of the two digits of the measurement of the blood pressure. Several noises are heard until disappearance. The last heard noise corresponds to the diastolic pressure which is the noise of the pressure at the time when the heart is at rest, the smallest figure. Thus with Korotkoff one successful really to have a precise measurement and one gave him the name thus the noise which one hears when one measures the blood pressure henceforth bear the name of the noises of Korotkoff. The manual sphygmomanometer is composed of a inflatable arm-band, of a system of measurement (Manomètre), of a tube which connects them, and of a pear being used to increase the pressure in the sleeve, also connected to this last by a tube. The pear is equipped with a valve making it possible to control the pressure and to make it decrease gradually to take measurement. The manual tensiometer is used jointly with a Stéthoscope, which makes it possible the inspector to detect the resumption of the cardiac beats in the artery of the arm (systolic pressure ). By reading at this moment the value indicated by the pressure gauge, one obtains the measurement of the maximum blood pressure. When the pressure of the arm-band becomes lower than the diastolic pressure , the beats become inaudible in the stethoscope, and the value provided by the pressure gauge corresponds to the minimal blood pressure.
Automatic apparatuses are now often used, whose arm-band inflates automatically, and who do not require any more a stethoscope, thanks to the use of integrated sensors.
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