The autonomous district of Tchoukotka (in Russian: Чуко́тскийавтоно́мныйо́круг ), or simply Tchoukotka ( Чуко́тка ), is a federal prone of Russia to the federal District native of the Far East, at the north-eastern end of Russia.

Geography

The area is bathed by the Mer of Eastern Siberia and the Bering Sea and is separated from the American continent by the Bering Strait. Its surface is of 737,700 km ² (once and half that of France) and its population is of 53,824 inhabitants, according to a survey in 2002, of which: 27,918 Russian (51,9% of the population), 12,622 tchouktches (23,5%), 4,960 Ukrainian (9,2%), 1,534 Inuit S (2,85%), 1,407 Évènes (2,6%) and 951 Chuvans (1,77%).

According to several humanitarian organizations, the population is subjected to a strong particularly significant radioactive contamination because of a food largely based on the meat of reindeers, animal which nourishes mainly lichens. This pollution would be due to a bad protection of civil and military nuclear installations and to the ill-considered exploitation of certain uranium layers during the Soviet period.

The administrative center and more the big city are Anadyr, with a population of 11.038 inhabitants.

Because of the Arctic climate and winds, no tree pushes in the area, only some shrubs.

Tchoukotka has great crude oil reserves, gas, of coal, gold and of tungsten which start to be slowly exploited but the major part of the population has a rural life, alive of the breeding of reindeers, hunting or fishing. The urban population is employed in mining industry or the public office.

The Lake El' gygytgyn is in Tchoukotka.

History

The area was the traditional area of Tchoukes, Yupiks Siberian, Koryaks, Chuvans, Evenes, Yukaghir S and of some Russian colonists with 18th and 19th century. The area was subjected to collectivization and a sedentarisation forced during the Soviet period.

Tchoukotka was before an autonomous okrug within the Oblast de Magadan but she declared her separation in 1991 what was confirmed by the Constitutional court of Russia in 1993.

Area " oubliée" after the fall of the USSR and particularly poor, she had elected as governor in 2000 the Russian billionaire Roman Abramovitch, confirmed for a second mandate by Russian president Vladimir Poutine. Abramovitch already poured several billion roubles to improve the infrastructure and to help the local population, making even come from the managers of its companies to modernize and manage the equipment and the administration. Certain sources estimate that it poured between 150 and 200 million dollars per annum since its election in 2000. The money already paid by the billionaire thus made it possible to double the GDP of the area and to triple even more the income of the inhabitants. Recently he had proposed his resignation but Putin had not accepted it. Its mandate in this moved back area seems a counterpart with the good walk of its business in Russia.

Reference

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