Tazria

Tazria , (תזריע - Hebrew for " it concevra"), 13th word and first significant for the parasha), or more exactly ki tazria (when it conceives) are the 27e weekly section of the annual cycle of reading of the Torah and the fourth of the Book of the Lévitique.
Elle corresponds to Lévitique 12:1 - 13: 59. The Jews of the Diaspora read it the 26 or 27e Shabbat after Simhat Torah, generally in April.

The Jewish Calendrier lunisolar includes/understands up to 54 Semaine S, the variable exact number according to the years, " pleines" or " défectives". In the full years (for example, 2008,2011, and 2014), the parashat Tazria is read independently. In the years less than 54 weeks (for example, 2007,2009,2010,2012,2013, and 2015), the reading of the Torah combines this parasha and the following one, Metzora, in order to reach the number of necessary weekly readings.

Summary

Divisions of the parasha during the complete reading

The reading of the parasha to the Synagog the sabbath is traditionally divided into seven sections, for which a member different from the congregation has to read. The first reading, the rishon , falls traditionally to a '' cohen '', the second, called sheni , with a '' levi '', the following ones with a Israel (neither cohen nor levi). The seventh section comprises a sub-section, the to maftir , which is read by the person who will read then the will haftara .

The sections of the parashat Tazria are:

rishon , sheni and shlishi : exposure of the laws of the purity and the impurity referring to the birth of a child; exposure of the fundamental laws of the Tzara' At and its diagnosis by a cohen, the possibility of forty, and laws of the tzara' At compared to the healthy skins and with the infected skins.
revi' I , hamishi , shishi and shevi' I : detailed exposure of the laws of the tzara' At relative to a burn, a Tinea, plates white and the presence of tzara' At on clothing.

maftir :

Divisions of the parasha during the shortened reading

A public reading of the parasha was founded by Ezra the Scribe Monday and Thursday with the Synagog. This reading, appreciably shorter, includes/understands only three sections, the first reserved for the '' cohen '', the second with the '' levi '', the third with a Israel

Section of the cohen : Vayiqra
Section of the levi : Vayiqra.

Rishon

God told Moses to Tel. the Israelite S that when has woman At Childbirth boron has servant boy, she was to Be unclean 7 days and then remain in has state off blood purification for 33 days, while yew she boron has girl, she was to Be unclean 14 days and then remain in has state off blood purification for 66 days. () Upon completing her period off purification, she was to bring has Lamb for has burnt offering and has pigeon gold has Turtle dove for has sin offering, and the priest was to offer them ace sacrifices to make atonement one her behalf. () Yew she could not afford has sheep, she was to take two turtle doves gold two pigeons, one for has burnt offering and the other for has sin offering. () -->

In classical rabbinic interpretation

Leviticus chapter 12

Rabbi Johanan interpreted the words “in the day” in to teach that one must perform circumcision even one the Sabbath. (Babylonian Talmud Shabbat 132a.)

Leviticus chapter 13

Tractate Negaim in the Mishnah and Tosefta interpreted the laws off leprosy in (Mishnah Negaim 1:1 - 14: 13; Tosefta Negaim 1:1 - 9: 9.)

With Midrash compared the discussion off skin diseases beginning At to the box off has noble lady who, upon entering the king' S de luxe hotel, was terrified by the whips that she saw hanging butt. Goal the king told her: “C not fear; thesis are meant for the Slavic, goal you are young stag to eat, drink, and make merry.” So, too, when the Jews heard the section off Scripture dealing with leprous affections, they became afraid. Goal Moses told them: “Thesis are meant for the wicked nations, goal you are intended to eat, drink, and Be joyful, ace it is written in “Many are the sufferings off the wicked; goal He that trusts in the Lord, mercy surrounds him.” (Leviticus Rabbah 15:4.) -->

Commands

The Torah comprises, according to the rabbinical tradition, 613 regulations. Different wise tried to establish a statement in the biblical text of it.

According to Sefer Hamitzvot

Moïse Maïmonide indicates in its Sefer Hamitzvot that the parashat Tazria includes/understands 3 positive regulations and 1 negative:

Circoncire the son ().
the woman having been confined must once bring a sacrifice it is become again ritually pure ().
not to shave the tinea part ().
the leprous one must be made known of all ().

Mishneh Torah , Mitzva positive 76,112,215; Negative Mitzva 307. Cairo, Egypt, 1170-1180)-->

According to Sefer HaHinoukh

However, according to the Sefer HaHinoukh, this parasha comprises 5 positive regulations and two negative:

Precepts concerning the ritual impurity of a woman after the design ()
Prohibition for a person ritually impure to consume the flesh of the sacrifices. ()
Obligation to offer a sacrifice for a woman after having conceived ()
Préceptes concerning the ritual impurity of a will metzora (nobody carrying dermatological attack) ()
Interdiction to shave the tinea part ()
Obligation for one will metzora to carry, amongst other things, of distinctive clothing ()
Préceptes of the tzara' ath in clothing ()

Haftara

The Haftara is a portion of the books of the Neviim (" Prophètes") who is read publicly with the synagog after the reading of the Torah. It generally presents a bond set of themes with the parasha which preceded it.

The Haftara for the parashat Tazria is 2 Kings 4:42 - 5: 19

Like the parasha, will haftara it tells the treatment of a skin trouble. The prophet Elisee, like the cohanim , look after “leprosy” ( will tzara' At )

In Shabbat Ha' Hodesh

When the parashat Tazria coincides with Shabbat Ha' Hodesh (" Sabbath of the month, " the special Sabbath which precedes the Jewish month by Nissan - as it is the case into 2008,2011, and 2014), will haftara it is:

for the Jewish ashkénazes S: Ez. 45:16 - 46: 18
for the Jewish sépharade S:

In Shabbat Ha' Hodesh, the Jews read the passage in which God prescribes “This month will be for you the beginning of the months; it will be the first month of the year” (), and the commands of Pessa' H () In the same way, will haftara it of discusses Pessa' h. In these two biblical passages, God informs the Enfants of Israel to apply blood the paschal lamb to the lintels ()

Parashat Tazria-Metzora

When the reading of the parashiyot Tazria and Metzora is combined (as it is the case into 2007,2009,2010,2012,2013, and 2015), and than the parasha does not coincide with a special parasha (as it is the case in 2009), one reads will haftara it parashat Metzora, i.e. 2Rois 7:3 - 20, which evokes like the parasha people reached of an evil of the skin.

In Shabbat Rosh Hodesh

When the combined reading coincides with Sabbath of the Néoménie (as it is the case in 2009), will haftara it is Isaïe 66:1 - 24.

Maqam of the week

In the Maqam of the week, the Jews of the East (particularly Sépharades d' Orient) base the tonality of their liturgy on the contents of the parasha.
For the parashat Tazria, it acts of Maqam Sheba, which symbolizes an alliance ( brit ), because the parasha starts by exposing the regulations surrounding the birth of a child, and mentions the Brit milah , a ritual showing the alliance contracted between the man and God. Further reading The parshah has parallels gold is discussed in thesis sources:

Psalms 72:12 (God' S help for the needy who cry out); 147:3 (God' S healing).
Philosophy. '' One the Posterity off Cain and His Exiles '' 13:47; '' One the Unchangableness off God '' 25:123 - 24; 27:127; '' Concerning Noah' S Work ace has Planter '' 26:111; '' One the Prayers and Curses Uttered by Noah When He Became Sober '' 10:49. Alexandria, Egypt, early 1st Century E.C. Reprinted in, e.g., The Works off Philosophy: And Unabridged, New Updated Edition supplements. Translated by Charles Duke Yonge, 136,168,200,231. Peabody, Farmhouse.: Hendrickson Pub., 1993. ISBN 0-943575-93-1.
Josephus, Antiquities off the Jews 3:11: 3-5. Circa 93-94. Reprinted in, e.g., The Works off Josephus: And Unabridged, New Updated Edition supplements. Translated by William Whiston, 96-97. Peabody, Farmhouse.: Hendrickson Pub., 1987. ISBN 0-913573-86-8.
Mishnah : Nazir 7:3; Sotah 3:8; Keritot 6:9; Negaim 1:1 - 14: 13. Land off Israel, circa 200 E.C. Reprinted in, e.g., The Mishnah: In New Translation . Translated by Jacob Neusner, 444,453,851,981-1012. New Haven: Yale University Near, 1988. ISBN 0-300-05022-4.
Tosefta : Bikkurim 2:6; Shabbat 8:27; Sotah 6:7; Eduyot 2:4; Negaim 1:1 - 9: 9. Land off Israel, circa 300 E.C. Reprinted in, e.g., The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with has New Introduction . Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:350, 385,857; 2:1253, 1709-44. Peabody, Farmhouse.: Hendrickson Pub., 2002. ISBN 1-56563-642-2.
Sifra 121:1 - 147: 16. Land off Israel, 4th Century E.C. Reprinted in, e.g., Sifra: Year Analytical Translation . Translated by Jacob Neusner, 2:231 - 323. Atlanta: Scholars Near, 1988. ISBN 1-55540-206-2.
Mekhilta off Rabbi Simeon 10:2. Land off Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Mekhilta of-Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai . Translated by W. David Nelson, 31. Philadelphia: Jewish Society Publication, 2006. ISBN 0-8276-0799-7.
Leviticus Rabbah 2:6; 5:5; 14:1 - 16: 1; 16:3 - 4, 6; 17:3 - 4; 18:2, 4-5; 21:2; 27:1, 10; 36:1. Land off Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus . Translated by H. Freedman and Maurice Simon, 4:24, 70,177-98, 202,205-07, 216-17, 219,229,232-33, 266,344,354,456. London: Soncino Near, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.
Maimonides . The Guides for the Perplexed , 1:42; 3:41, 45,47,49. Cairo, Egypt, 1190. Reprinted in, e.g., Moses Maimonides. The Guides for the Perplexed . Translated by Michael Friedländer, 56,346,357,368,379. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. ISBN 0-486-20351-4.
Zohar 3:42 a-52a. Spain, late 13th Century.
Rashi . Commentary . Leviticus 12-13. Troyes, France, late 11th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Rashi. The Torah: With Rashi' S Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated . Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, 3:135 - 57. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-89906-028-5.
Thomas Hobbes. Leviathan , 3:40. England, 1651. Reprint edited by C.B. Macpherson, 503-04. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Classics, 1982. ISBN 0140431950.
Jacob Milgrom. Leviticus 1-16 , 3:742 - 826. New York: Anchor Bible, 1998. ISBN 0-385-11434-6.

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External bonds

To listen to the parasha sung according to the traditional Cantillation (RealPlayer requires)
Commentaires ( Divrei Torah ) in French on:

the site of the Great Rabbinate of Quebec
the site modia.org
the chiourim.com site (see also the site techouvot there associated)
video Comment on Akadem

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