See also: Taxi (homonymy)

The taxi is a Véhicule private Automobile terrestrial led by a Chauffeur intended for the Transport paying passengers and their luggage, of door with door, contrary to the Public transport which transports the passengers between predetermined points (Station S, drunk stops of , Gare S).

The word taxi comes from the Taximètre , Appareil intended to measure at the same time the Temps and the Distance of a way to establish the amount to be paid by the passenger. This taximeter is also called Compteur horokilometric.

History

In 1914, 600 Parisian taxis were requisitioned in order to convoy a maximum of Troupe S towards the face, which allowed the French to gain the Bataille of the Marne. See: Taxis of the Marne

Differences

In the industrialized countries, the taxis are generally cars equipped with a taximeter whose operation is subjected to a routine checking on behalf of an independent organism (often depend on the State).

In France, the vehicles intended for the activity of taxi must be cars of 9 seats at most, including that of the conducting , therefore to be of category Light vehicle. The vehicles also have above their roof a light (the luminous one) indicating if they are in service or not, as well as the tariff (the repeater) which is applied according to the time slot and of the geographical area. The conditions of operating of the taxis are there controls by the law n°95-66 of January 20th, 1995, Décret n°95-935 of August 17th, 1995.

In the less rich Countries, other types of vehicles can take the role of taxis: the Rickshaw S, the Rickshaw… In this case, the price of the voyage is often fixed in advance between the driver and the passengers, according to the distance estimated from the course. One also practices the shared taxi, kind of minibus moving with the request.

Profession

One also indicates by taxi the driver of such a vehicle.

The taxis are often organized in groupings (associations of independent craftsmen or companies) by geographical areas (on a urban Aire scale). They share resources thus (vehicle a fleet, maintenance a workshop, an exchange of call…) who allow them to work more effectively while catching their immobilized vehicles less the possible for a long time. However, in certain cases, the monopolistic position such companies leads to excesses (drives out with independent, abusive tariffs…).

In France

In France, since law 95/66 of January 20th, 1995, to have the right to drive a taxi, it is necessary to be titular of a diploma: the certificate of professional competence (stopped of September 5th, 2000), materialized by the business card (pink document of color affixed in bottom on the left behind the windshield). This certificate is obtained after a formation sanctioned by an examination in two parts (main road and secondary road) and gathering theoretical and practical tests (calendar of the exam sessions http://www.g7taxis.fr/spip.php?article4); for memory, the departmental examination is valid only in the department concerned, in order to exert in another department it is necessary to pass by again this test in the desired department. To use a taxi, an administrative authorization: the authorization to station, circulate and charge on the public highway must be delivered for the vehicle in the name of the owner (craftsman) or of the owner (in the event of paid driver or tenant).

The number of Parisian taxis, which culminated to 25.000 in 1920, was free until a law of the Popular front fixed quotas for their number with 14.000 in 1937. In spite of the light raising of the number with 14.300 in 1967 and 14.900 in 1990, the shortage is sensitive to Paris, its 80 communes bordering and its airports. The Prefect of police announced in 2003 an increase limited in 1.500 licenses over 5 years. The report/ratio of Jacques Rueff and Louis Armand proposed to liberalize the sector in 1959, but 48 years later, the imperfection of this market remains double, by contingement number, and the regulation of prices, which is still fixed by the ministry for finances.

See too

Related article

• shared Taxi (in Ivory Coast: Woro-woro)

In Africa, the Co-conveyance of the taxis is frequent. The principle is to fill the vehicle and to make pay with each passenger an identical price. The driver organizes his way of demounting then consequently. Very " color locale" the shared taxi makes it possible to make knowledge and to visit the city with lower costs. Only one condition: not to be held with a precise schedule.

• to read: the yellow Taxi in Notebook of Africas by Jacques Nougier. ED. Harmattan (2006), 160 p. ISBN: 2-296-01569-7.
• Taxi Bush

External bonds

• Gate WHOIS database of the taxis of France
• co-operative Network of the taxis of France
• world Guide of the companies of taxi
• Photographs of New Yorkean taxis
• Pin' S Taxis of the whole world
• PBS Taxi Dreams
• Gallery Photographs Taxis New Yorkais

Gallery

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