The tautology (of the Greek tauto logos , the fact of repeating the same thing) is a sentence or a stylistic effect thus turned that its formulation can be only true. Tautology can be also connected with the Truisme or a Lapalissade. In logic the word tautology indicates an always true proposal. One uses also the tautological adjective in mathematics to indicate structures which emergent naturally of the definition of certain objects.
Examples
Tautologies which seek to show another fact nonknown as (implicit by the form of sentence employed) and not checked, often to make a slogan of it:- “100% of our customers buys our products . ”
- “100% of gaining the tried their chance . ” (advertizing slogan of the French celebrates plays).
Tautologies often considered to be superfluous, sometimes used to mark the emphase:
- “It is my book with me . ”
- “You will say it to him yourself . ”
Tautologies which do not bring in fact any additional precision, contrary to appearance. From a lexical point of view, tautologies below are Pléonasme S, i.e. there is redundancy of information:
- “To assemble in top ”
- “To descend in bottom ” in socks ; -)-->
- “To turn on the side ”…
Current or proverbial, often emphatic devoted expressions (intended to mark the value or the importance of an element):
- “I saw it, my eyes considering . ” (Even also: “to take its hands . ”)
- “It is the full and whole truth . ”
- “It is sure and some ! ”
- “a promise is a promise ! ”
- “a penny is a penny ! ”
- “I present myself vis-a-vis you in person . ” (Though the direction means often here that one is not made represent by someone else…)
- “Neither for, nor against, quite to the contrary… Though! ” (Coluche)
- “Might makes right” (strongest implying that the force precedes the right what is also a tautology according to Pascal and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Of the Right of most extremely the
- “a tautology is a thing which is tautological . ”
Use (intentional tautologies) in rhetoric
Tautology (like its various close effects), when it intentional, is used like a Slogan or effect of Rhétorique, aims at reinforcing the expression of the thought.Thus a tautology, because it is true, can be used to make pass from the false ideas, while benefitting from the impression of truth and obvious which it releases.
In fact, it can just as easily be used as mode of handling that to be used with the second degree, like a Wink.
Political example: " Vote for the gaining party! " The slogans of this type make omission owing to the fact that one starts in theory from scratch and that one needs the voters to arrive to a result.
Tautologies in logic and tautological objects in mathematics
In logical propositional and Calculation of the predicates, a tautology is an always true proposal, whatever the model in which it instancie. For example " Has implies A" is a tautology .In mathematics, one uses the tautological adjective to indicate structures which emergent naturally of the definition of certain objects. For example the Fibré cotangent of a differential Variété is distinguished from tangent sound Fibré in what it is naturally provided with one 1 - differential Forme tautological , said Forme of Liouville. Far from being alleviating, the existence of such a tautological structure is very rich consequences, since it is at the origin of the Hamiltonian formulation of traditional mechanics and more generally of the symplectic Géométrie.
Another example is the tautological fiber with the top of a projective Espace.
See too
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