Taungû dynasty

The Dynastie Toungou (or Taungû ) was one of most powerful of the Histoire of Myanmar. It reigned on the Second Burmese Empire between 1510 and 1752, when it was cut down by the Mons of Pégou. The Dynastie Konbaung succeeded to him almost immediately.

History

The king Mingyinyo (Minkyinyo, 1486-1531) founded the First dynasty Toungou (1486-1599) in the city of the same name (Taungû, or Kaytumadi), towards the end of the dynasty of Ava. After the conquest of Ava by the Shan S in 1527, of many Burmeses emigrated in Taungû, which became their new political center. In the years which followed, Mingyinyo subjected part of the people shans.

His/her son, the king Tabinshwehti (1531-1550), consolidated his capacity unified of it most of Burma. He extended it towards the south while seizing the delta of the Irrawaddy and by crushing the Mons Pégou. In 1544, it was made crown king of all Burma in the old capital Bagan, taking thus symbolically the succession of the Royaume of Pagan (849-1287). At that time, the geopolitical situation of the Southeast Asia had changed in an important way. The Siam ois had constituted a new kingdom around Ayutthaya, while the Portuguese, in the south, had seized Malacca. With the arrival of the European merchants, Burma was become again an important center of exchanges and Tabinshwehti transferred its capital to Pégou, located strategically for the trade. It started to gather an army to tackle the coastal state of Arakan. It was pushed back, but could néammoins gain the control of the Low-Burma until Prome. Its army in retirement attacked the kingdom of Ayutthaya, against which she also knew the defeat. Its countryside to take again Ava was also unfruitful. One period of disorders followed among the conquered people and Tabinshwehti was assassinated in 1551.

His/her brother-in-law Bayinnaung succeeded to him on the throne. Its 30 years reign was marked by multiple conquests, in particular that of Manipur (1560) and of Ayutthaya (1569). Energetic leader and good general, Bayinnaung made of his most powerful kingdom of Southeast Asia, extending its borders of the Laos to Ayutthaya. These wars exhausted néammoins its resources, and as well Manipur as Ayutthaya, which was under Burmese domination during 15 years, took again soon their independence. Bayinnaung was determined to conduct a decisive attack against the Arakan, when he died in 1581. His/her son Nandabayin and his successors lasts MATER of the rebellions in other parts of the kingdom and the victory over Arakan never took place.

With the catches with the rising of several cities and the repeated Portuguese incursions, the dynasty of withdrew south of the Burma and refonda the dynasty with Ava, under the name of dynasty Nyaungyan , or Dynastie Toungou restored (1597-1752). A grandson of Bayinnaung, Anaukpeitlun (1605-1628), reunified Burma in again 1613 and pushed back the Portuguese attempts definitively to seize the country, but its empire disintegrated gradually. The dynasty still survived a century and half, until the death of Mahadammayaza in 1752, but dominated all Burma never again. One of the successors of Anaukpeitlun, Thalun (1629-1648) restores the principles of old the Royaume of Pagan, but it concentrated its efforts on the religious aspects and neglected the south of its kingdom. Encouraged by the French, Pégou finally revolted against Ava in 1740, still weakening the dynasty, which crumbled in 1752.

List sovereigns

References

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