The Tasmanie is a island and an Australian State, located at 240 km of the south-eastern coast of the continent of the Australia.

Its surface is of 68.332 km ² and it counted, with the census of 2002,474 000 inhabitants.

Hobart is at the same time the capital and more the big city of Tasmanie. The other centers of population include/understand Launceston, Devonport and Burnie.

History

Populated by the Indigenous since 40.000 years, the Diéménie or Tasmanie was discovered by the Westerners in 1642 by Abel Jansen Tasman, a Dutchman who called it Ground of Van Diémen , of the name of Antonio van Diemen, governor.

In 1772, a French forwarding directed by Nicolas Thomas Marion-Dufresne unloaded on the island.

James Cook visited the southernmost coast in of it 1776. It is in 1777 that the British started to unload on the island; in 1784 it, Bass surgeon discovered the strait which bears its name and noted that the Earth of van Diémen was an island.

• 1802 - Nicolas Baudin makes a one month study in Derwent on fauna.

• 1803 - the Earth of Van Diémen is established in penal settlement.

From 1803 to 1833, the number of Aboriginals passes of more than 5000 to less than 300. Forty-three years later, it is the entirety of the indigenous population which is destroyed, exterminated by the British colonists, alcohol and syphilis.

The British, who are established starting from 1804 there, found the towns of Hobart-Town and Georges-Town or Port-Dalrympie.

• 1836 - Charles Darwin Hobart visit.

• 1853 - Last arrival of convicts on the Earth of Van Diémen.
• 1856 - the Earth of Van Diémen changes name and becomes Tasmanie to make forget its convicts.
• 1876 - on May 8th, Truganini dies at sixty-four years. It was the last not métissée woman aboriginal of Tasmanie.
• 1901 - Federation of Australia

Geography

Tasmanie is an island of the southern hemisphere located between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific (sea of Tasman). More precisely still, it is located at the south-east of Australia, and separated from this one by the strait of Bottom. Its surface is of 65.022 km ². Many small islands establish the link between Tasmanie and the Australian continent such as Furneaux, of the King, etc In the south-east of Tasmanie, the coasts are cut out. Mountainous relief, being engraved by the glaciers and very victim; one can see in the west, West Coast Ranges which consists of very old rocks, of Precambrian, faulted and dislocated. In West Coast Arrange, altitude can reach 1000 meters towards the south. The central plate can reach by place the 1600 meters (of which the Ossa mount with its 1617 meters). This plate consists of rocks dating from the eras secondary and tertiary sector. A vast glacier has it in the occupied past and now, several lakes are located there, thus feeding short the but many ones and abundant rivers.

Between the central plate and Eastern Highlands, very victims but not very high, is located the corridor of the Midlands, a plain. Tasmanie is the prolongation of the Great Dividing Range, one finds in his basement of the mineral resources such as coal, copper of the Lyell mount and ores like zinc, lead, money, tin of Rosebery, tungsten of the island of King and iron Savage River.

Climate

The climate of Tasmanie is oceanic moderate, time is wet, soft and rainy there. Tasmanie is located on the way of the high winds of the west (Westerlies) which accompany the disturbances. It rains during every season. Hobart, the capital of Tasmanie, receives rain in summer and snow in winter. Cyclones are formed sometimes in winter. West Coast Arrange and the central plate are directly exposed to Westerlies and receive great precipitations (of 2000 to 3000 mm per annum). On the other hand, the Midlands and the Highlands of the East are exposed and thus receive less rain.

Fauna

The most known animal of Tasmanie is without any doubt the Diable of Tasmanie , a carnivorous marsupial which weighs up to 10 kg and can be 80 cm long without the tail, with the paces of bear cub. Its principal preys are the wallabies, the birds, the rodents and the insects. It has powerful a jaw and in spite of its bad reputation, it tames down easily. Its wild cry, its bad character, the odor which it releases when it is stressed, combined with its effectiveness of Charognard were worth its nickname of “devil to him”. Half of the population of this small carnivore already disappeared, victim of the shape of cancer.

The last known specimen of the Wolf of Tasmanie or Thylacine, died out in September 1936 with the zoo of Hobart (closed the following year). Researchers had succeeded in finding samples of its DNA and hoped to be able the cloner. This project however did not succeed, the DNA being too fragmented.

The echidna belongs to the family of the Monotrème S. It has the covered body of hairs and of very pointed spines and it has a 15 cm length language. The Australian echidna, as for him, can weigh up to 5 kg and hides in the ground, the spines outside in the event of danger.

The Wallaby de Bennett is very common, not very savage and is often let approach, especially in the national parks. The common Wombat is a night herbivorous marsupial which thus leaves during the night to nourish itself; it can weigh up to 35 kg and has very powerful claws and legs. The black currawong is a large endemic bird of Tasmanie, it is very curious and not very savage. The Puffin S are marine birds which dig burrows in the dunes and their annual migration between the two hemispheres is carried out on 16.000 km.

One also finds in the nature of the Ornithorynque S . In breeding, the sheep and bovines are most widespread.

Flora

The dense forest vegetation covers approximately 50% of the territory of Tasmanie. In the wet forests, space available is completely invested by the vegetation. The largest plants are often used by smallest like supports.

One finds in Tasmanie the certain shapes of ferns, the forests of Myrtle beech (amongst other things on the slopes of Cradle Mountain) and of the coastal forests of eucalyptus and conifers (near Maria Island). The parks and the reserves of Tasmanie constitute one of the last extents of rain and moderate forests in the world. The Acacia S are trees of the hot countries with rapid growth, but with the short life which adapted well in the majority of the climatic conditions, as with the wet forests of Tasmanie. One can also observe cousins of our bay-tree, Native Laurel, which is the endemic shrub of Tasmanie.

The vegetation is made up in the West of forests (beeches with persistent sheets), in the center of meadows and of a forest of Eucalyptus very degraded towards the east. Hobart, the capital, is mainly surrounded by meadows and forests of the Scottish type. One cultivates mainly fruit-bearing cereals, cultures (pears and apples) and fodder.

Economy

The economic main resources are mining (Cuivre, Zinc, tin, Fer), the Agriculture - its onions are marketed in France of May in July, the exploitation of the forests and the Tourisme.

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