The Tarawih (Arab: rear RTL تراويح) is the daily Prière S of the evening, they are carried out after that of the Isha, during the month of fast of the Ramadan. These prayers are carried out per pairs of rakaa (rear RTL ركعة, ritual sequence of the prayer), with in all between 8 and 36 rakaa according to the traditions. Sunnites believe that it is tradition to try to achieve a khatm (recitation supplements) Coran by reciting at least part of the Book ( Juz , Coran by comprising 30) by Tarawih. If the believer cannot recite Coran in entirety during the prayer, it can be limited so that it knows, or with what is in its possibilities.
Origins
Here the dominating opinion of the Sunnisme: they were established by the Prophet who directed them occasionally for fear that does not become obligatory for the faithful ones. After the death of the Messenger, his successor, Abu Bakr, did not continue to practice them during his 2 years of caliphat. It is the second caliph of Islam, Omar ibn Al-Khattab, which re-established it, as it was accomplished in the time of the Prophet (because the Moslem order was found).
The large Tabari historian writes thus in his book " the chronique" Volume 2 pages 569 & 570.:
“And it is him (Omar) the first to have gathered people (Moslem) under the direction of one only Imam to achieve the prayer known as of tarawih during the month of the Ramadan. He addressed letters to all the cities of the Moslem possessions to order to them to act thus…”
The Imam Boukhari also reports in its sahih that it was Omar ibn Al khatab who founded this practice:
Abderrahman Ben `Abdelqâri said: “One night, during Ramadân, I went with `Omar ibn El Khattab to the mosque. The faithful ones were in dispersed groups. Here a man made his prayer for his own account, elsewhere a man directed the prayer of his group. `Omar says then: “It seems to me that there if I brought together all these people under the direction of one only reader that would be more suitable. ” Then, putting its intention at execution, it gathered them under the direction of Obayy Ben Ka' B” Another night, I also left with `Omar. The faithful ones requested under the direction of their reader. “Which excellent innovation, exclaimed `Omar. Those which sleep without making this prayer do better than those which rise to do it. ” He wanted to say: at the end of the night. And the faithful ones made this prayer at the beginning of the night”.
This prayer is recognized today by the majority (ahlus sunnah wa-l-jama' ah) as being supererogatory and very méritoire.
Controversies
Legality
- However, a minority regards it as being formally prohibited: it is based on many accounts brought back inter alia by the Boukhari Imam.
Voici what it reports in its sahih :
According to Zaïd Ben Tsâbit: “During the Ramadan, the Prophet was made a cell - I believe well, known as Bosr, bringing back this hadith, that Zaïd added: “with a plait” - It made the prayer there during a few nights. A certain number of the companions of the Prophet having followed his prayer, this one, as soon as he realized some, remained sitted (and ceased showing itself). Then it went towards his companions and says to them: “I knew well the feelings which your control expressed me. Henceforth, O faithful, request in your residences, because the best prayer for a man is that which it does at his place, unless it is not about the canonical prayer. ”
Extracts from “the Islamic Traditions - Volume 1” El Bokhâri; Titrate X: “Of the call to the prayer”; Chapter LXXXI: “Of the prayer during the night”; hadith n°2; (page 245).
Zaïd Ben Tsâbit said: “the Envoy of God had installed, to insulate itself, a kind of part surrounded by plaits. He went there to make the prayer; some faithful followed there and requested with him. The come night, these faithful returned in the same place; but the Envoy of God, after being itself made wait, not coming, the faithful ones raised the voice and struck with its door with a stone. The Envoy of God left at once in anger and says to them: “You will thus not cease acting as you did so that I fear that your fault is registered in your opposition? You must make the prayer on your premise, because the best prayer for the faithful one is that which it does at his place; it is necessary to exclude the canonical prayer of it”.
Extracts from “the Islamic Traditions - Volume 4” El Bokhâri Titer LXXVIII: “Of education”; Chapter LXXV: “Of the anger and the severity which are allowed when they are the orders of God”; hadith n°5; (page 178).
Nous also let us learn by reading the biography from the Boukhari Imam what follows:
“During the month of the Ramadan, the Al Boukhari friends met at his place. He guided them in the prayer by reading twenty verses with each génuflexions until reading all the coran. In the night, it read half or one the third of the text crowned by enclosing it every three nights. It also once enclosed it per day, at the instant of the failure. And he said, after having read the coran in entirety: a exaucée invocation. ”
page 52 of the biography of L Imam Al Boukhari by Takiyy Al dines Al Nadawi Al mazahini
L' Imam Boukhari thus did not make the prayers of tarawihs to the mosque, it met at his place with friends for reading and requesting in accordance with the order of the prophet whom it reported him even in his sahih:
“Henceforth, O faithful, request in your residences, because the best prayer for a man is that which it does at his place, unless it is not about the canonical prayer. ”
Muslim reports in particular that Aicha, the woman of the Prophet brought back “a certain night, the Envoy of God made a prayer with the mosque and the Moslems made the same prayer. The following night, it again made this same prayer and they imitated it. At the third and fourth night, the faithful ones gathered (to make this prayer) but the Envoy of God did not go to the mosque. The morning of the fourth night, he says to them: " I saw what you did. What prevented me from joining you, it is that I have fears that this prayer does not become an obligation for vous". ” (Moslim).
- to be also noted that the Chiites offer a detailed refutation of this practice, regarding it in fact as a religious innovation instituted by Omar Ben Al-Khattab.
The majority answers in substance that since the prophet saws was not present any more, the tarawih could not become obligation and thus that the caliphe 'Umar radhiAllahu anhu made well re-establish this practice, the wahi not being able more to take place.
Number of raakah
The raakah can go from 8 to 36. It are done per pairs. The Prophet requested 8 rakaa during the 23e, 25e and 27e night of Ramadan. The second caliph Omar Ben Al-Khattab requested 20 rakaa. Omar Ibn Abdelâziz one of the Caliphs of the Omeyyades period requested 36 rakaa. It is during these prayers that the Imam will recite Coran entirely at a rate of 2 chapters per day (2 Hezb constitute a Juz ) to finish the whole reading of Coran, act very méritoire in this crowned month, although there is not obligation to make thus.
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