The Tanzania is a country of East Africa located in edge of the Indian Ocean. It is surrounded in north by the Kenya and the Uganda, in the west by the Rwanda, the Burundi and the Democratic republic of Congo, in south-west by the Zambia and the Malawi and in the south by the Mozambique.

The country covers 945  087 km and account 39  384  223 inhabitants primarily Bantous. Its capital is Dodoma located in the interior of the grounds but the principal economic pole is the old capital Dar are Salam located on the coast. The official languages are the Kiswahili and the English but the Arab is also spoken in the islands about Zanzibar and Pemba.

Current Tanzania was born from the union of the Tanganyika and Zanzibar on April 26th, 1964, little time after their respective Indépendance with respect to the the United Kingdom. It is member of the the Commonwealth since end 1961 and of the the United Nations since December 14th, 1961.

History

See also: History of Tanzania, History of Zanzibar

Geography

See also: Geography of Tanzania

Tanzania is a country of the Southern hemisphere located in East Africa. Its natural borders are formed by the Indian Ocean in the east, the Kilimandjaro and the Lake Victoria in north, the river Kagera in the North-West, the Lac Tanganyika in the west, the Malawi in south-west and the river Ruvuma in the south. It has land borders with the Kenya and the Uganda in north, the Rwanda and the Burundi in the North-West, the Democratic republic of Congo in the west, the Zambia and the Malawi in south-west and the Mozambique in the south.

The country is crossed by the Vallée of the great rift which traverses the Western part of the country of north in the south and in which places some of the African big lakes  : Lake Malawi, Lake Rukwa, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, Lake Eyasi, Lake Manyara, Lake Natron, etc the center of the country consists of a plate drained by rivers and rivers which are thrown in the Indian Ocean. The maritime frontage of the countries is made of a coastal Plaine which faces the archipelago of Zanzibar formed of three principal îles : Unguja, Pemba and Maffia.

Tanzania comprises several Volcan S of which only one of them, the Ol Doinyo Lengaï, is still active and another the culminating point of the unintermitting African constitutes, the Kilimandjaro, with 5  895 meters of altitude.

Policy

See also: Political of Tanzania

Tanzania is a federal République multi-party presidential born the April 26th 1964 of the fusion of the Tanganyika and Zanzibar which had reached the Indépendance respectively the December 9th 1961 and the December 10th 1963 after the Colonisation S German then British. The name of Tanzania is formed of the Tan of Tanganyika and the zan of Zanzibar.

The current Constitution, adopted the October 27th 1977, was revised in October 1984

The President of the Republic, which is also the Head of the State, is elected with the universal direct suffrage for a five years mandate. This one names the Prime Minister, who represent the government in front of the Parlement, and the ministers among the members of the Parliament or ten not elected people.

The Parliament, monocaméral and cash 274 seats, adopt the Loi S applying to the totality of the Republic or only to the 21 continental areas (island of Maffia included/understood), the five areas forming the revolutionary Gouvernement of Zanzibar which can adopt certain specific laws because having its own Parlement. The members of Parliament are elected by the universal direct suffrage for a five years mandate.

The judicial Power is appreciably more complicated because having five levels combining the tribal, Islamic institutions and of the Common law  : county courts, courts of districts, Masterly Court, High court and finally Court of Appeal.

The recent creation of Tanzania by the union of two countries constantly tends to destabilize it but the Démocratie is preserved thanks to the heritage of its first President, charismatic the Julius Nyerere, which remained thirty years with the capacity without installing dictatorial authoritarian regime or . This stability allowed for example the installation of the International penal court for Rwanda Arusha, charged with judging the war criminals at the time of the Rwandan genocide with 1994.

Subdivisions

See also: Areas of Tanzania, List of the districts of Tanzania

Tanzania is divided into 26 areas (21 known as continental and 5 known as insular forming the revolutionary Gouvernement of Zanzibar), they-even divided into 127 districts so called wilahas .

Economy

See also: Economy of Tanzania

The Agriculture, disorganized by the socialist experiment (1967-1986) but having today a better productivity , provides Manioc, Maïs, Riz, Sorgho, Café and Coton (these two last representing half of the Exportation S of the country). The fishing is in progress and the extensive breeding is also practiced.

The Industrie is modest, the mining sector remains very dynamic. Dar be Salam is the main thing port and pole of activity of Tanzania but also the terminal of the railway Tanzam which ensures exports of the Zambia.

The Tourisme is under development. The documentary film of 2005 the Nightmare of Darwin illustrates principal Tanzanian export, the Perche of the Nile and the many related traffics. The Inflation is estimated around 6% for 2006, the growth could reach 6,7% in 2007.

Demography

See also: Demography of Tanzania

Tanzania is populated of almost 40 million inhabitants. The demographic Transition not being completed yet (4,77 children per woman for a infantile Death rate of 71,69 ‰), this population has a Life expectancy of a little more than 50 years to the birth and a Growth rates of 2,091%, life expectancy and growth rates decreased by a strong incidence of the infectious Maladie S in general and AIDS in particular (8,8% are 1,6 million people, 12th world rank). The Taux of elimination of illiteracy is of 78,2% for the people of more than 15 years.

On the continent, 99% of the population are of African origin (including 95% of Bantous divided into more than 130 Ethnie S), the 1% remainder being represented by Asiatiques, Arab Européens and . With Zanzibar, the population consists of a more homogeneous mixture of Africans and Arabs.

Tanzania accommodates on its territory more than 500.000 Réfugié S coming mainly from the Burundi and the Democratic republic from Congo.

Culture

See also: Culture of Tanzania

Tanzania is largely influenced by the Culture swahilie but Zanzibar, and in a more general way the worldwide, preserves traces of the Arab presence. The big cities are also subjected to a relative occidentalization.

Both official languages are the Kiswahili (called Kiunguja with Zanzibar) and the English but there exist other dialects like the Arab .

The Religion S the most represented are the Christianisme (40%), the Islam (35%), and the Animisme (25%). 99% of the population of Zanzibar are Moslem. The pluspart women do not work and are mothers with the hearth. The schooling and the professional life are often reserves with the men.

See too

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