Tantalio

The Parti the Congress - in English National Indian Congress or Congress Party - is the oldest political training of the always active India. It is also one of its most important parties.

Creation and fight for independence

It is founded in 1885 with for objective finding a place in the government of India for Indians having received education necessary, without however calling into question the English presence on the Indian ground. It is English Allan Octavian Hume who organizes its first meeting with Bombay, with the approval of Lord Dufferin, the viceroy of the time.

Later, its requirements will become more radical vis-a-vis the unwillingness of the government and the party will play an important role in the movement for independence. During this period, one will find two tendencies within the Party of the Congress: the Garam Dal rather extremist and the Naram Dal rather moderated, according to their attitude towards the British. One counted among his leaders before independence Gandhi and Subhash Chandra Bose.

Domination of the party

The position of Gandhi was that the party was to be a structure with the service of the independence, but which it was not to survive to him. But contrary to this wish, it dominated a great part of the political life according to 1947. The Party of the Congress directed the Indian government with Jawaharlal Nehru (1947-1964), Lal Bahadur Shastri (1964-1966), the girl of Nehru Indira Gandhi (1966-1977 then 1980-1984), the son of this one Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989), statement Narasimha Rao (1991-1996) and Manmohan Singh (since 2004).

Divisions of the Congress

The party of the Congress knows a first scission in 1969: the right wing of the party gathers in the Old Congress or Congress (O) for Old or Organization while the partisans of the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi form the New Congress or Congress (R) for Ruling , which keeps thereafter the official name of Congress. Certain dissidents form as for them in February 1977 around the untouchable leader Jagivan RAM the " Congress for the démocratie". A new scission takes place on January 3rd, 1978 when the partisans of Indira Gandhi form the Congress (I) for Indira, which remains the principal formation since then. In 1979 is formed a Congress (U) after the rallying of Devraj the USSR with the official fraction of the Congress opposed to the Congress (I).

Decline and alternation

In the Years 1980 and 1990, it is also known under the name of Parti the Congress (I) or Congress-I where the I indicates Indira (to distinguish it from the tendency Congress-O carried out by Kamaraj). Gradually, from many groups will separate from the Congress Party creating a whole galaxy of small formations comprising “Congress” in their name but weakening of as much the historical tendency whose influence did not cease decreasing since the majority of the two-thirds that it regularly obtained with the Parliament of independence until the end of the Années 1960. In parallel, of many businesses of Corruption (whose Business Bofors), tarnish the image of the party. Emergent parties, regional or based on the identity of caste, corrode her electoral base. Traditionally classified on the left, the party of the Congress launches at the beginning of the Années 1990 of the liberal economic reforms which run up against the nationalism of many its partisans, while the parties based on the identity of caste double it on the question of the promotion of the Caste S. Starting from the Années 1980, the Hindu Nationalisme of BJP becomes its more serious direct political competitor. In 1991, the Congress gains the elections but obtains only one relative majority.

In 1998 - 2004, whereas BJP is with the capacity, it is the main force of opposition to the central government, while holding the capacity in most of the States of the union. Its leader is Sonia Gandhi, the wife of the ex- Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, but its Italian origin makes its position uncomfortable, vis-a-vis fundamentalist BJP Hindu with the capacity and risk to be an obstacle with its accession at the post of Prime Minister if the Party of the Congress again obtains the majority with the legislative elections of 2004. With the general surprise, the party gains the elections of May 2004 and, after the desistance from Sonia Gandhi, it is Manmohan Singh which became Prime Minister. However, the electorate of the party of the Congress still errodé itself. He owes his victory only with the score even poorer of the BJP and with the supplement of his allies. The regional parties indeed made additional great strides at the time of these elections. The two Communist parties also progressed and allow the party of the Congress to obtain a fragile majority with the Lok Sabha all while not taking part in the government.

Random links: